Handbook of Fire Resistant Textiles

Given its importance to consumer safety, fire resistant textiles are one of the fastest growing sectors in industrial textiles. Handbook of fire resistant textiles provides a comprehensive review of the considerable advances that have occurred in the field of fire resistant textiles in recent years. It draws together scientific and technical expertise from around the world to produce an important source of current knowledge on fire resistant textiles and their use for protection in hostile environments.

Part one provides an overview of fire resistant textiles. Chapters discuss burning and combustion mechanisms of textile fibers, chemical modification of natural and synthetic fibers to improve flame retardancy, multi-component flame resistant coating techniques for textiles, care and maintenance of fire resistant textiles, along with the safety, health and environmental aspects of flame retardants. Part two covers different types of fire resistant fibers and fabrics, including flame retardant cotton, wool, ceramic fibers and blends, composites and nonwovens. Part three reviews standards, regulations, and characterization of fire resistant textiles. Part four includes case studies of major applications of fire resistant textiles.

The Handbook of fire resistant textiles is an invaluable resource for a broad spectrum of professionals in the textiles and apparel industries, including textile and garment manufacturers, engineers, researchers, designers, developers and buyers.

• Provides a comprehensive review of the considerable advances that have occurred in the field of fire resistant textiles in recent years
• Discusses burning and combustion mechanisms of textile fibers and chemical modification of natural and synthetic fibers to improve flame retardancy
• Covers different types of fire resistant fibers and fabrics, including flame retardant cotton, wool, ceramic fibers and blends, composites and nonwovens

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Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles

Dedication

Introduction

Overview of fire resistant textiles

Chapter 1: Combustion processes of textile fibres

Abstract:

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Thermal transitions and degradation of polymers

1.3 Degradation of individual fibre-forming polymer types

1.4 Polymer fires and the influence of polymer degradation steps on subsequent flame retardant behaviour

1.5 Flame retardancy

1.6 Specific mechanistic issues relevant to fibres and textiles: char formation

1.7 Potential of nanotechnology for flame retarding textiles

1.8 Future trends

Chapter 2: Burning mechanisms of fibers

Abstract:

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Ignition source

2.3 Thermal decomposition of solid to produce fuel

2.4 Escape of fuel vapor from the degrading solid

2.5 Reactions in the vapor state - oxidation

2.6 Excess heat diffusion back to the solid to produce more degradation

2.7 Reducing flammability

Chapter 3: Chemical modification of natural and synthetic textile fibres to improve flame retardancy

Abstract:

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Flame retardant strategies for textile materials

3.3 Polyesters

3.4 Polyamides

3.5 Cellulose-based fibres: cotton, cotton blends and viscose

3.6 Wool and its blends

3.7 Silk fibres

3.8 Miscellaneous fibre-forming polymers

3.9 Conclusions and future trends

Chapter 4: Multi-component flame resistant coating techniques for textiles

Abstract:

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Back-coating techniques

4.3 The sol-gel coating technique

4.4 Plasma surface treatments

4.5 Nanoparticle-based films

4.6 Layer-by-layer assembly (LbL)

Chapter 5: Care and maintenance of fabrics used for flame resistant personal protective equipment (PPE)

Abstract:

5.1 Introduction

5.2 The use of multiple fiber and fabric options in personal protective equipment (PPE)

5.3 Available care and cleaning guidance

5.4 Designing a care and maintenance program

5.5 Implementing a care and maintenance program for flame resistant (FR) PPE garments

5.6 Conclusions

Chapter 6: Safety, health and environmental aspects of flame retardants

Abstract:

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Relevant key types of flame retardants

6.3 Toxicity of smoke from combustion products

6.4 Effects of individual combustion products on fire victims

6.5 Potential toxicity issues associated with individual flame retardants

6.6 Summary of toxicity issues associated with individual flame retardants

6.7 Environmental effects of smoke with and without flame retardants

6.8 Life-cycle assessment of environmental effects of using products with and without flame retardants

6.9 Conclusions

Types of fire resistant fibre

Chapter 7: Flame resistant cotton

Abstract:

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Non-durable and semi-durable flame retardants

7.3 Durable flame retardants

7.4 Flame retardants for cotton fleece fabrics

7.5 Conclusions

7.6 Acknowledgments

Chapter 8: Flame resistant manmade cellulosic fibres

Abstract:

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Manmade cellulosic fibres: types and properties

8.3 History of flame resistant manmade cellulosic fibres

8.4 Strategies for making manmade cellulosic fibres flame resistant

8.5 Additive selection

8.6 Commercially available flame resistant manmade cellulosic fibres

8.7 Blends

8.8 Applications of flame resistant manmade cellulosic fibres

8.9 New developments and technologies

8.10 Future trends

Chapter 9: Flame resistant wool and wool blends

Abstract:

9.1 Introduction

9.2 The flame resistant (FR) properties of wool

9.3 The flame resistant properties of wool blends

9.4 Types of fire resistant finishes

9.5 Polymeric fire resistant finishes

9.6 Legislation relating to fire resistant finishes

9.7 Fire resistant (FR) treatments for wool and wool blends: zirconium and titanium salts

9.8 FR treatments for wool and wool blends: ammonium phosphates and organophosphorus species

9.9 FR treatments for wool and wool blends: other treatments

Chapter 10: Flame resistant ceramic fibres

Abstract:

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Types of ceramic fibres

10.3 Applications of ceramic fibres

10.4 Future trends

Chapter 11: Flame resistant composites and nanocomposites

Abstract:

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Key composite and nanocomposite flammability issues

11.3 Composite materials

11.4 Fire resistance of nanocomposites

11.5 Future trends

Chapter 12: Flame resistant nonwoven fabrics

Abstract:

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Nonwoven fabrics

12.3 Production of nonwovens

12.4 Flame resistance of nonwovens

12.5 Types of flame retardants

12.6 Flame resistance of cellulose

12.7 Flame resistant (FR) treatments of cellulosic fibers

12.8 Highloft nonwovens and cotton blend highlofts

12.9 FR nonwoven applications

12.10 Future trends

Testing and regulation of fire resistant textiles

Chapter 13: Selection of flame resistant protective clothing

Abstract:

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Compliance with minimum requirements

13.3 Key protection factors for the selection of flame resistant (FR) protective clothing

13.4 Other factors effecting the selection of FR garments

13.5 Case study: selection of FR workwear garments for protection against flash fires

13.6 Sources of further information and advice

Chapter 14: Flame resistant clothing standards and regulations

Abstract:

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Standardisation bodies

14.3 Basic health and safety requirements (BHSR)

14.4 General standards which apply to all types of protective clothing

14.5 Standards for industrial garments

14.6 Clothing standards for specific jobs

14.7 Application of standards

14.8 Future trends

Chapter 15: Characterizing comfort properties of flame resistant fabrics and garments

Abstract:

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Definition of comfort in clothing …