Handbook of Composites from Renewable Materials, Polymeric Composites

This unique multidisciplinary 8-volume set focuses on the emerging issues concerning synthesis, characterization, design, manufacturing and various other aspects of composite materials from renewable materials and provides a shared platform for both researcher and industry.

The Handbook of Composites from Renewable Materials comprises a set of 8 individual volumes that brings an interdisciplinary perspective to accomplish a more detailed understanding of the interplay between the synthesis, structure, characterization, processing, applications and performance of these advanced materials. The Handbook comprises 169 chapters from world renowned experts covering a multitude of natural polymers/ reinforcement/ fillers and biodegradable materials.

Volume 6 is solely focused on the "Polymeric Composites". Some of the important topics include but not limited to: Keratin as renewable material for developing polymer composites; natural and synthetic matrices; hydrogels in tissue engineering; smart hydrogels: application in bioethanol production; principle renewable biopolymers; application of hydrogel biocomposites for multiple drug delivery; nontoxic holographic materials; bioplasticizer-epoxidized vegetable oils-based poly (lactic acid) blends and nanocomposites; preparation, characterization and adsorption properties of poly (DMAEA) - cross-linked starch gel copolymer in wastewater treatments; study of chitosan cross-linking hydrogels for absorption of antifungal drugs using molecular modelling; pharmaceutical delivery systems composed of chitosan; eco-friendly polymers for food packaging; influence of surface modification on the thermal stability and percentage of crystallinity of natural abaca fiber; influence of the use of natural fibers in composite materials assessed on a life cycle perspective; plant polysaccharides-blended ionotropically-gelled alginate multiple-unit systems for sustained drug release; vegetable oil based polymer composites; applications of chitosan derivatives in wastewater treatment; novel lignin-based materials as a products for various applications; biopolymers from renewable resources and thermoplastic starch matrix as polymer units of multi-component polymer systems for advanced applications; chitosan composites: preparation and applications in removing water pollutants and recent advancements in biopolymer composites for addressing environmental issues.

Auteur

Vijay Kumar Thakur is a Lecturer in the School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing Engineering, Cranfield University, UK. Previously he had been a Staff Scientist in the School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering at Washington State University, USA. He spent his postdoctoral study in Materials Science & Engineering at Iowa State University, USA, and gained his PhD in Polymer Chemistry (2009) at the National Institute of Technology, India. He has published more than 90 SCI journal research articles in the field of polymers/materials science and holds one US patent. He has also published about 25 books and 33 book chapters on the advanced state-of-the-art of polymers/materials science with numerous publishers, including Wiley-Scrivener.

Manju Kumar Thakur has been working as an Assistant Professor of Chemistry at the Division of Chemistry, Govt. Degree College Sarkaghat Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India since 2010. She received her PhD in Polymer Chemistry from the Chemistry Department at Himachal Pradesh University. She has deep experience in the field of organic chemistry, biopolymers, composites/ nanocomposites, hydrogels, applications of hydrogels in the removal of toxic heavy metal ions, drug delivery etc. She has published more than 30 research papers in peer-reviewed journals, 25 book chapters and co-authored five books all in the field of polymeric materials. Michael R. Kessler is a Professor and Director of the School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering at Washington State University, USA. He is an expert in the mechanics, processing, and characterization of polymer matrix composites and nanocomposites. His honours include the Army Research Office Young Investigator Award, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Young Investigator Award, the NSF CAREER Award, and the Elsevier Young Composites Researcher Award from the American Society for Composites. He has more than 150 journal articles and 5800 citations, holds 6 patents, published 5 books on the synthesis and characterization of polymer materials, and presented at least 200 talks at national and international meetings.

Contenu
Preface xxi

1 Keratin as Renewable Material to Develop Polymer Composites: Natural and Synthetic Matrices 1
*Flores-Hernandez C.G., Murillo-Segovia B., Martinez-Hernandez A.L. and Velasco-Santos C*

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Keratin 2

1.2.1 Feathers 5

1.2.2 Hair and Wool 8

1.2.3 Horn 9

1.3 Natural Fibers to Reinforce Composite Materials 11

1.4 Keratin, an Environmental Friendly Reinforcement for Composite Materials 11

1.4.1 Synthetic Matrices 11

1.4.1.1 Petroleum-Based Polymers Reinforced with Chicken Feathers 13

1.4.1.2 Synthetic Matrices Reinforced with Hair or Wool 18

1.4.1.3 Synthetic Matrices Reinforced with Horn 20

1.4.2 Natural Matrices 20

1.4.2.1 Natural Matrices Reinforced with Chicken Feathers 21

1.4.2.2 Natural Matrices Reinforced with Hair or Wool 24

1.5 Conclusions 25

References 26

2 Determination of Properties in Composites of Agave Fiber with LDPE and PP Applied Molecular Simulation 31
*Norma-Aurea Rangel-Vazquez and Ricardo Rangel*

2.1 Introduction 31

2.1.1 Lignocellulosic Materials 31

2.1.1.1 Fibers 32

2.1.1.2 Agave 33

2.1.1.3 Chemical Treatment of Fibers 34

2.1.2 Composites 35

2.1.3 Polymers 35

2.1.3.1 Polyethylene 37

2.1.3.2 Polypropylene (PP) 39

2.1.4 Molecular Modelation 39

2.1.4.1 Classification 40

2.1.4.2 Properties 42

2.2 Materials and Methods 44

2.2.1 Geometry Optimization 44

2.2.2 Structural Parameters 44

2.2.3 FTIR 45

2.2.4 Molecular Electrostatic Potential Map 45

2.3 Results and Discussions 48

2.3.1 Geometry Optimization 48

2.3.2 Deacetylation of Agave Fiber 49

2.3.3 Structural Parameters 50

2.3.4 FTIR 50

2.3.5 Molecular Electrostatic Potential Map (MESP) 54

2.4 Conclusions 54

References 55

3 Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering 59
*Luminita Ioana Buruiana and Silvia Ioan*

3.1 Introduction 59

3.2 Classification of Hydrogels 60

3.3 Methods of Hydrogels Preparation 61

3.4 Hydrogels Characterization 63

3.4.1 Mechanical Properties 64

3.4.2 Chemical-Physical Analysis 64

3.4.3 Morphological Characterization 64

3.4.4 Swelling Behavior 65

3.4.5 Rheology Measurements 65

3.5 Hydrogels Applications in Biology and Medicine 66

3.5.1 Hydrogel Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering 66

3.5.2 Hydrogels in Drug Delivery Systems 70

3.6 Concluding Remarks 73

References 74

4 Smart Hydrogels: Application in Bioethanol Production 79
*Lucinda Mulko, Edith Yslas, Silvestre Bongiovanni Abel, Claudia Rivarola, Cesar Barbero and Diego Acevedo*

4.1 Hydrogels 79

4.2 History of Hydrogels 80

4.3 The Water in Hydrogels 81

4.4 Classifications of Hydrogels 81

4.5 Synthesis 82

4.6 Hydrogels Synthesized by Free Radical Polymerization 83

4.7 Monomers 84

4.8 Initiators 84

4.9 Cross-Linkers 84

4.10 Hydrogel Properties 85

4.11 Mechanical Properties 87

4.12 Biocompatible Properties 87

4.13 Hydrogels: Biomedical Applications 88

4.14 Techniques and Supports for Immobilization 89

4.15 Entrapment 89

4.16 Covalent Binding 90

4.17 Cross-Linking 91

4.18 Adsorption 91

4.19 Hydrogel Applications in Bioethanol Production 92

4.20 Classification of Biofuels 92

4.21 Ethanol Properties 93

4.22 Ethanol Production 95

4.23 Feedstock Pretreatment 95

4.24 Liquefaction and Saccharificati…