This book describes the derivation of the equations of motion of fluids as well as the dynamics of ocean and atmospheric currents on both large and small scales through the use of variational methods. In this way the equations of Fluid and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics are re-derived making use of a unifying principle, that is Hamilton's Principle of Least Action. The equations are analyzed within the framework of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics for continuous systems. The analysis of the equations' symmetries and the resulting conservation laws, from Noether's Theorem, represent the core of the description. Central to this work is the analysis of particle relabeling symmetry, which is unique for fluid dynamics and results in the conservation of potential vorticity. Different special approximations and relations, ranging from the semi-geostrophic approximation to the conservation of wave activity, are derived and analyzed. Thanks to a complete derivation of all relationships, this book is accessible for students at both undergraduate and graduate levels, as well for researchers. Students of theoretical physics and applied mathematics will recognize the existence of theoretical challenges behind the applied field of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, while students of applied physics, meteorology and oceanography will be able to find and appreciate the fundamental relationships behind equations in this field.

Auteur

Dr. Gualtiero Badin is professor at the Universität Hamburg (Germany). He is specialized in geophysical fluid dynamics, ocean dynamics, especially at frontal scales, geostrophic turbulence and nonlinear dynamics.

Dr. Fulvio Crisciani is lecturer at the University of Trieste (Italy). He has more than 32 years experience in oceanography and is specialized in geophysical fluid dynamics and the climate of the gulf of Trieste.

Contenu

Dedication.- Foreword by Geoffrey K. Vallis.- Preface.- Acknowledgements.- Fundamental Equations of Fluid and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics.- Mechanics, Symmetries and Noether's Theorem.- Variational Principles in Fluid Dynamics, Symmetries and Conservation Laws.- Variational Principles in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics and Approximated Equations.- Appendix A - Derivation of Equation (1.2).- Appendix B - Derivation of the Conservation of Potential Vorticity from Kelvin's Circulation Theorem.- Appendix C - Some Simple Mathematical Properties of the Legendre Transformation.- Appendix D - Derivation of Equation (2.114).- Appendix E - Invariance of the Equations of Motion (2.116) under a Divergence Transformation.- Appendix E - Invariance of the Equations of Motion (2.190) under a Divergence Transformation.- Appendix F - Functional Derivatives.- Appendix G - Derivation of Equation (2.229).- Appendix H - Invariance of the Equations of Motion (2.217) under a Divergence Transformation.- Appendix I - Proofs of the Algebraic Properties of the Poisson Bracket.- Appendix J - Some Identities concerning the Jacobi Determinant.- Appendix K - Derivation of (3.131).- Appendix L - Scaling the Rotating Shallow Water Lagrangian Density.