Composites Materials for Food Packaging

The novel insights, as well as the main drawbacks of each engineered composites material is extensively evaluated taking into account the strong relationship between packaging materials, environmental and reusability concerns, food quality, and nutritional value.

Composites, by matching the properties of different components, allow the development of innovative and performing strategies for intelligent food packaging, thus overcoming the limitations of using only a single material.

The book starts with the description of montmorillonite and halloysite composites, subsequently moving to metal-based materials with special emphasis on silver, zinc, silicium and iron. After the discussion about how the biological influences of such materials can affect the performance of packaging, the investigation of superior properties of sp² carbon nanostructures is reported. Here, carbon nanotubes and graphene are described as starting points for the preparation of highly engineered composites able to promote the enhancement of shelf-life by virtue of their mechanical and electrical features.

Finally, in the effort to find innovative composites, the applicability of biodegradable materials from both natural (e.g. cellulose) and synthetic (e.g. polylactic acid - PLA) origins, with the aim to prove that polymer-based materials can overcome some key limitations such as environmental impact and waste disposal.

Auteur

Giuseppe Cirillo received his PhD in 2008 from the University of Calabria Italy where he is currently in a post-doctoral position. His research interests are in the development of functional polymers with tailored biological activity (antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, chelating), the design of smart hydrogels for drug delivery, the study of the activity of innovative functional foods and nutraceuticals, and the synthesis and functionalization of carbon nanotubes-based devices for biomedical applications. He is the author and co-author of more than 100 publications, including four edited books with Wiley-Scrivener. Marek A. Kozlowski has 47 years' experience in polymer chemistry and technology and is Professor Emeritus from Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland. He is the author of 360 papers and patents, holder of several national and international prizes and honours and is a member of IUPAC WP 4.1. His research interests include polymer blends and composites of pre-designed properties, in particular the interrelations between structure, processing and properties of multiphase systems. He is an Expert of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization and evaluator of proposals submitted to the European Community R&D Programs. Umile Gianfranco Spizzirri obtained his PhD in 2005 from the University of Calabria. He is currently a member of the Technical Staff at the Department of Pharmacy, Nutrition and Health Science of the same university. His research activities are mainly related to the polymer chemistry and technology for the preparation of stimuli-responsive drug delivery system, functional polymers for food industry, and new analytical methodologies for the food quality and safety assessment. He is the author and co-author of more than 100 publications, including three edited books with Wiley-Scrivener.

Contenu
Preface xv

1 Montmorillonite Composite Materials and Food Packaging 1
Aris E. Giannakas and Areti A. Leontiou

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Polymer/MMT-Based Packaging Materials 6

1.2.1 Polyethylene(PE)/MMT-Based Packaging Materials 8

1.2.2 Polystyrene(PS)/MMT-Based Packaging Materials 11

1.2.3 Polypropylene (PP)/MMT-Based Composites for Food Packaging 13

1.2.4 Poly(ethylene)terephthalate(PET)/MMT-Based Packaging Materials 16

1.3 Biopolymers and Protein/MMT-Based Packaging Materials 18

1.3.1 Starch/MMT-Based Packaging Materials 19

1.3.2 Cellulose/MMT-Based Packaging Materials 25

1.3.3 Chitosan/MMT Composite Materials 29

1.3.4 PLA/MMT-Based Packaging Materials 34

1.3.5 Protein /MMT-Based Packaging Materials 37

1.4 Ag+-Cu2+-Zn2+/MMT-Based Composites Packaging Materials 39

1.4.1 Ag+/MMT-Based Packaging Materials 40

1.4.2 Cu2+/MMT-Based Packaging Materials 42

1.4.3 Fe2+/MMT-Based Composites 44

1.5 Metal Oxide/MMT-Based Packaging Materials 45

1.6 Natural Antioxidants/MMT Composite Materials for Food Packaging 49

1.7 Enzyme/MMT-Based Composites Packaging Materials 56

1.8 Conclusion 60

References 61

2 Halloysite Containing Composites for Food Packaging Applications 73
Raluca Nicoleta Darie Ni and Cornelia Vasile

2.1 Halloysite 74

2.1.1 Molecular and Crystalline Structure 74

2.1.2 Properties 77

2.1.3 Surface Modification of HAL 78

2.1.3.1 Modification of the External Surface 79

2.1.3.2 Modification by Click Chemistry 80

2.2 Nanocomposites Containing HAL 80

2.2.1 HAL Containing Non-Degradable Synthetic Polymeric Nanocomposites for Food Packaging Applications 81

2.2.1.1 Processing Strategies 81

2.2.1.2 Polyolefins/HNTs Nanocomposites 83

2.2.1.3 Polystyrene/HNTs Nanocomposites 94

2.2.1.4 Polyamide/HNTs Nanocomposites 95

2.2.1.5 PET/HNTs Nanocomposites 97

2.2.1.6 Elastomers(Rubbers)/HNTs Nanocomposites 97

2.2.1.7 Epoxy/HNTs Nanocomposites 98

2.2.2 HAL-Containing Degradable Polymeric Bionanocomposites for Food Packaging 98

2.2.2.1 Preparation of HNT-Containing Degradable Nanocomposites 99

2.2.2.2 Properties of HNT-Containing Degradable Nanocomposites 101

2.2.2.3 Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVOH)/HNT 101

2.2.2.4 Polyalkanoates/HNT Nanocomposites 106

2.2.2.5 PLA/Halloysite Biocomposites 106

2.2.2.6 Polysaccharide-HNT Composites 107

2.2.2.7 Lignocellulose/Wood Fibers/HAL Clay Composites 109

2.2.2.8 Polysaccharides/HAL Clay Composites 110

2.2.2.9 Proteins/HNT Biocomposites 111

2.2.2.10 Natural Rubber/HNTs Composites 111

2.3 Conclusion 112

References 112

3 Silver Composite Materials and Food Packaging 123

Amalia I. Cano, Amparo Chiralt and Chelo González-Martínez

3.1 Silver and Silver Compounds as Active Agents 124

3.1.1 History and Background 124

3.1.2 Chemical Species of Silver 125

3.1.3 Silver in Polymeric Matrices for Food Packaging Purposes 130

3.1.3.1 Different Methodologies to Incorporate Silver and Silver Species into Packaging Materials 130

3.1.3.2 Functional Characterization of Silver-Enriched Packaging Materials 131

3.1.4 Current Legislation Applied to Silver Composite Materials Used for Food Packaging 144

3.2 Conclusions 144

References 145

4 Zinc Composite Materials and Food Packaging 153
R. Venkatesan, T. Thendral Thiyagu and N. Rajeswari

4.1 Introduction 153

4.2 Food Packaging 154

4.3 Polymers in Food Packaging 154

4.4 Nanotechnology 156

4.5 Nano-Fillers 156 4.6 Classification of Nano-fillers 157</...