Geodynamics of Lithosphere & Earth's Mantle

Plate tectonics has significantly broadened our view of the dynamics of continental evolution, involving both the processes currently active at the surface and those extending deep into the interior of the Earth. Seismic anisotropy provides some of the most diagnostic evidence for mapping past and present deformation of the entire crustmantle system. This volume contains papers presented originally at an international workshop at the Chateau of Trest in the Czech Republic in 1996. This workshop brought together geophysicists and geologists who work in the field of observational and theoretical seismology, mineral and rock physics, gravity studies and geodynamic modelling. Topics include large-scale anisotropy of the Earth's mantle, mantle heterogeneity vs. anisotropy 3-D velocity and density structures and inferences on mantle dynamics, mineral and rock physics studies, and mathematical aspects of complex wave propagation.

Contenu

Geodynamics of Lithosphère and Earth's Mantle: Seismic Anisotropy as a Record of the Past and Present Dynamic Processes.- I. Large-scale Anisotropy of the Earth's Mantle.- Where Can Seismic Anisotropy Be Detected in the Earth's Mantle? In Boundary Layers....- Age-dependent Large-scale Fabric of the Mantle Lithosphere as Derived from Surface-wave Velocity Anisotropy.- On Presence of Seismic Anisotropy in the Asthenosphere beneath Continents and its Dependence on Plate Velocity: Significance of Reference Frame Selection.- Backazimuthal Variations of Splitting Parameters of Teleseismic SKS Phases Observed at the Broadband Stations in Germany.- Anisotropic Measurements in the Rhinegraben Area and the French Massif Central: Geodynamic Implications.- Seismic Anisotropy and Velocity Variations in the Mantle beneath the Saxothuringicum-Moldanubicum Contact in Central Europe.- Anisotropy beneath the Iberian Peninsula: The Contribution of the ILIHA-NARS Broad-band Experiment.- Variation of Shear-wave Residuals and Splitting Parameters from Array Observations in Southern Tibet.- Upper Mantle Anisotropy in Victoria Land (Antarctica).- Anisotropy of the Yellowstone Hot Spot Wake, Eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho.- Anisotropy and Flow in Pacific Subduction Zone Back-arcs.- II. Mantle Heterogeneity vs. Anisotropy-3-D Velocity and Density Structures and Inferences on Mantle Dynamics.- Passive Seismology and Deep Structure in Central Italy.- Pn Anisotropy in the Northern Apennine Chain (Italy).- New Perspectives on Mantle Dynamics from High-resolution Seismic Tomographic Model P1200.- Regional Correlation Analysis between Seismic Heterogeneity in the Lower Mantle and Subduction in the Last 180 Myr: Implications for Mantle Dynamics and Rheology.- Velocity and Density Heterogeneities of the Tien-Shan Lithosphere.- Large-scale 3-D Gravity Analysis of the Inhomogeneities in the European-Mediterranean Upper Mantle.- III. Mineral and Rock Physics Studies.- Seismic Anisotropy in the Deep Mantle, Boundary Layers and the Geometry of Mantle Convection.- Experimental Studies of Shear Deformation of Mantle Materials: Towards Structural Geology of the Mantle.- Free Energy Minimization by Simulated Annealing with Applications to Lithospheric Slabs and Mantle Plumes.- Laboratory Approach to the Study of Elastic Anisotropy on Rock Samples.- Elastic Parameters of West Bohemian Granites under Hydrostatic Pressure.- IV. Mathematical Aspects of Complex Wave Propagation and their Applications.- Inferring the Orientation-distribution Function from Observed Seismic Anisotropy: General Considerations and an Inversion of Surface-wave Dispersion Curves.- P-SH Conversions in Layered Media with Hexagonally Symmetric Anisotropy: A CookBook.- Weak Contrast PP Wave Displacement R/T Coefficients in Weakly Anisotropic Elastic Media.