Gene Manipulations in Fungi

Gene Manipulations in Fungi combines a review of classical fungal genetics, contemporary research, and responsible speculation about the future.
This book focuses on yeasts and molds; because yeast is the primary model system for eukaryotes and that there is an elegant research on molds. The applications of fungi, including their economic importance, are addressed. The book emphasizes the need for improved transformation systems, appropriate vectors, and broadly applicable selectable markers in this field of interest.
This book will help stimulate the development of innovative approaches in this subject matter.

Contenu

Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
I Historical Perspective: Mutants to Models
1 From Auxotropic Mutants to DNA Sequences
I. The Establishment of the Paradigm: One Gene-One Polypeptide
II. Cluster Genes and Gene Clusters
III. Systems of Regulation of Gene Activity
IV. Cloning and Sequencing
References
2 Molecular Taxonomy of the Fungi
I. Introduction
II. Nucleic Acid Isolation and Purification
III. DNA Base Composition
IV. DNA Relatedness
V. Mitochondrial DNA Relatedness
VI. Ribosomal RNA Relatedness
VII. Comparison of Relatedness from Nucleic Acid Studies with That Determined by Other Methodologies
References
3 Fungal Mitochondrial Genomes
I. Introduction
II. Physical Organization
III. Genes and the Genetic Code
IV. Gene Order
V. Transcription
VI. Pseudogenes
VII. Mitochondrial Plasmids
VIII. Effects of Alteration of mtDNA
IX. Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Interactions
References
4 Modeling the Environment for Gene Expression
I. Introduction
II. Modeling Metabolism under Steady-State Conditions
III. Modeling Metabolism during Product Accumulation
References
II Yeasts
5 Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a Paradigm for Modern Molecular Genetics of Fungi
I. Introduction
II. Neoclassical Genetics
III. Transformation
IV. Cloning a Gene
V. Manipulation of a Cloned Gene
VI. Other Uses of Cloned Genes
VII. An Agenda for Progress
References
6 Yeast Transformation
I. Introduction
II. Specific Transformation Systems in Yeast
III. Applications
IV. Conclusions
References
7 Use of the LYS2 Gene for Gene Disruption, Gene Replacement, and Promoter Analysis in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
I. Introduction
II. Characterization of the LYS2 Gene and Its Product
III. Genetic Manipulations Utilizing the LYS2 Gene
IV. Conclusions and Prospectus
References
III Molds
8 Molecular Biology of the qa Gene Cluster of Neurospora
I. Introduction
II. Molecular Analysis of the qa Cluster
III. Transformation of the qa Gene Cluster in Neurospora
IV. Summary
References
9 Neurospora Plasmids
I. Introduction
II. Naturally Occurring Plasmids
III. Replicating Plasmids Constructed in the Laboratory
IV. Overview and Prospects for the Future
References
10 Cloning and Transformation in Aspergillus
I. Introduction
II. Transformation Methodology
III. Fate of Transforming DNA after Entry
IV. The Quest for Replicating Vectors
V. Development of Vectors
VI. Future Prospects
References
11 Expression of Aspergillus Genes in Neurospora
I. Transformation of Neurospora crassa
II. Isolation of the Aspergillus nidulans Gene for Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase
III. Transformation of the Neurospora crassa arg-12 Mutant . .
IV. Control of Gene Expression
V. Subcellular Localization of the Active Enzyme
VI. Conclusions
References
12 Gene Dosage Effects and Antibiotic Synthesis in Fungi
I. Introduction
II. Methods for the Amplification of Genetic Material in Microorganisms
III. Studies with Disomic Strains of Aspergillus nidulans
References
13 Formal Genetics and Molecular Biology of the Control of Gene Expression in Aspergillus nidulans
I. Formal Genetic Methodology of Aspergillus nidulans as Applied to the Study of Control Systems
II. The Metabolic Versatility of A. nidulans and Its Exploitation
III. Regulatory Genes
IV. Putative Receptor Sites
V. The Spatial Organization of Functionally Related Genes
VI. At What Level Does Regulation of Gene Expression Occur?
References
14 A Cloning Strategy in Filamentous Fungi
Text
References
IV Applications
15 Primary Metabolism and Industrial Fermentations
I. Primary Metabolites
II. Genetic Approaches to the Production of Primary Metabolites
III. Organic Acids
IV. Amino Acids
V. Polysaccharides
VI. Lipids
VII. Nucleotides and Nucleic Acid-Related Compounds
VIII. Vitamins
IX. Polyols
X. Ethanol
XI. The Promise of Biotechnology
References
16 Mitochondrial DNA for Gene Cloning in Eukaryotes
I. Introduction
II. Fungal Plasmids
III. Cloning Vectors of Mitochondrial Origin
IV. Biotechnological Implications
References
17 Molecular Bases of Fungal Pathogenicity to Plants
I. Introduction
II. Infection Structures
III. Cutinase
IV. Pisatin Demethylase
V. Toxins
VI. Cloning and Analysis of Pathologically Important Genes from Fungi
References
18 Morphogenesis and Dimorphism of Mucor
I. Introduction
II. Dimorphism of Mucor
III. Molecular Analysis of Mucor
IV. Perspectives-Molecular Genetics
References
19 Toward Gene Manipulations with Selected Human Fungal Pathogens
I. Introduction
II. Cryptococcus neoformans
III. Histoplasma capsulatum
IV. Wangiella dermatitidis
V. Candida albicans
VI. Concluding Remarks
References
20 Fungal Carbohydrases: Amylases and Cellulases
I. Introduction
II. Fungal Amylases
III. Fungal Cellulases
IV. Summary and Outlook
References
V Postscript
21 Prospects for a Molecular Mycology
I. Introduction
II. A Primer in Mycology
III. Molecular Mycology
References
Appendixes
I Fungal Taxonomy
I. Introduction
II. Outline of Fungal Taxonomy
References
II Conventions for Gene Symbols
I. Aspergillus nidulans
II. Neurospora crassa
III. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
IV. Other Fungi
References
Index