Marine Conservation

Providing a guide for marine conservation practice, Marine
Conservation takes a whole-systems approach, covering major
advances in marine ecosystem understanding. Its premise is that
conservation must be informed by the natural histories of organisms
together with the hierarchy of scale-related linkages and ecosystem
processes. The authors introduce a broad range of overlapping
issues and the conservation mechanisms that have been devised to
achieve marine conservation goals. The book provides students and
conservation practitioners with a framework for thoughtful,
critical thinking in order to incite innovation in the 21st
century.

"Marine Conservation presents a scholarly but eminently
readable case for the necessity of a systems approach to conserving
the oceans, combining superb introductions to the science, law and
policy frameworks with carefully chosen case studies. This superb
volume is a must for anyone interested in marine conservation, from
students and practitioners to lay readers and policy-makers."

--Simon Levin, George M. Moffett Professor of Biology,
Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton
University

Auteur

G. CARLETON RAY is Research Professor of Environmental Sciences at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. He has conducted basic and applied research in polar and temperate regions and in the tropics, concentrating on natural history of fishes and marine mammals, biodiversity, and conservation science. He has also been actively engaged in marine conservation policy development and marine protected area establishment nationally and internationally.

JERRY MCCORMICK-RAY is Senior Scientist at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. Her research has focused on marine mammals and marine invertebrates, physiological effects of pollution, and benthic faunal ecology in estuaries and in the Arctic. She has been actively engaged in marine conservation science and its application to policy and protected areas nationally and internationally.

Artist: ROBERT L SMITH JR grew up in West Virginia and studied art and biology at West Virginia University. He resides in Albemarle County Virginia where he illustrates books and takes care of his small-scale poultry farm. Bob has done illustration work for trade and text books, as well as for numerous journals and magazines.

Texte du rabat
Providing a guide for marine conservation practice, Marine Conservation takes a whole-systems approach, covering major advances in marine ecosystem understanding. Its premise is that conservation must be informed by the natural histories of organisms together with the hierarchy of scale-related linkages and ecosystem processes. The authors introduce a broad range of overlapping issues and the conservation mechanisms that have been devised to achieve marine conservation goals. The book provides students and conservation practitioners with a framework for thoughtful, critical thinking in order to incite innovation in the 21st century.

"Marine Conservation presents a scholarly but eminently readable case for the necessity of a systems approach to conserving the oceans, combining superb introductions to the science, law and policy frameworks with carefully chosen case studies. This superb volume is a must for anyone interested in marine conservation, from students and practitioners to lay readers and policy-makers." Simon Levin George M. Moffett Professor of Biology Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Princeton University

Résumé
Providing a guide for marine conservation practice, Marine Conservation takes a whole-systems approach, covering major advances in marine ecosystem understanding. Its premise is that conservation must be informed by the natural histories of organisms together with the hierarchy of scale-related linkages and ecosystem processes. The authors introduce a broad range of overlapping issues and the conservation mechanisms that have been devised to achieve marine conservation goals. The book provides students and conservation practitioners with a framework for thoughtful, critical thinking in order to incite innovation in the 21st century. "Marine Conservation presents a scholarly but eminently readable case for the necessity of a systems approach to conserving the oceans, combining superb introductions to the science, law and policy frameworks with carefully chosen case studies. This superb volume is a must for anyone interested in marine conservation, from students and practitioners to lay readers and policy-makers."
Simon Levin, George M. Moffett Professor of Biology, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University

Contenu

Contributors, ix

Preface, xii

About the companion website, xiv

1 IN PURSUIT OF MARINE CONSERVATION, 1

1.1 The emergence of modern marine conservation, 1

1.2 Defining "marine conservation", 4

1.3 Marine conservation's scope, 4

1.4 Adapting marine conservation to the 21st century, 5

2 MARINE CONSERVATION ISSUES, 7

2.1 Igniting marine conservation concern, 7

2.2 Primary issues: loss of marine biodiversity, 7

2.3 Secondary issues: human activities, 13

2.4 Tertiary issues: emergent and unintended consequences, 30

2.5 The challenge for the 21st century, 35

3 MARINE CONSERVATION MECHANISMS, 43

3.1 The toolkit, 43

3.2 Biological conservation, 43

3.3 Spatially explicit conservation, 48

3.4 Governance: policy, strategy, tactics, 50

3.5 Policy instruments for marine conservation, 54

3.6 Management concepts, 65

3.7 Agents for conservation, 68

3.8 Conclusion, 70

4 MARINE SYSTEMS: THE BASE FOR CONSERVATION, 74

4.1 A systems approach, 74

4.2 Dynamic planetary forces, 74

4.3 Major ocean structures and conditions, 78

4.4 Planetary cycles, 81

4.5 Major planetary interfaces, 82

4.6 The dynamic coastal realm, 86

4.7 The coastal realm: an ecosystem of global importance, 92

4.8 The ecosystem concept, 97

4.9 Ecosystem base for conservation, 99

5 NATURAL HISTORY OF MARINE ORGANISMS, 105

5.1 What is natural history?, 105

5.2 Darwinian evolution, 105

5.3 Diversity of marine life, 106

5.4 Life history, 112

5.5 Biological associations, 123

5.6 Biogeographic patterns in space and time, 126

5.7 Biotic functional diversity, 127

5.8 "Seascape" as an organizing principle, 131

5.9 Natural history: the basis for conservation, 132

6 CHESAPEAKE BAY: ESTUARINE RESTORATION WITH AN ENVIRONMENTAL DEBT, 137

6.1 The great shellfish bay, 137

6.2 Ecological linkages to natural wealth, 137

6.3 Eastern oyster: quintessential estuarine species, 151

6.4 From resource abundance to ecosystem change, 154

6.5 Bay restoration: chartering a course, 163

6.6 People shall judge, 165

7 BERING SEA SEALS AND WALRUSES: RESPONSES TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE, 171
G. Carleton Ray, Gary L. Hufford, Thomas R. Loughlin and Igor Krupnik

7.1 A short history of dramatic change, 171

7.2 Biophysical setting, 172

7.3 Marine mammals of the southeastern Bering Sea, 174

7.4 Ice-dependent pinnipeds of the northern Bering Sea, 179

7.5 Do large marine mammals matter?, 186

7.6 The conflict arena, 191

7.7 Cultural factors: subsistence hunting, traditional knowledge, and community well-being, 194

7.8 Are Beringian pinnipeds and the Bering Sea ecosystem at risk?, 197

8 THE BAHAMAS: CONSERVATION FOR A TROPICAL ISLAND NATION, 200

8.1 A nation of islands, 200

8.2 Biophysical and social setting, 200

8.3 Conservation issues, 207

8.4 Governance for sustainability, 222

8.5 Island system at a crossroads, 230

9 THE ISLES OF SCILLY: SUSTAINING BIODIVERSITY, 234
Richard M. Warwick

9.1 Setting the scene, 234

9.2 Physical and biogeographic setting, 234

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