Karst Bauxites

Karst Bauxites: Bauxite Deposits on Carbonate Rocks presents a comparison of bauxite regions using mathematical statistics methods. This book is divided into eight chapters that highlight the quantitative processing and assessment of the information available for bauxites.

The opening chapters present observational and analytical evidence concerning karst bauxite, with particular emphasis on Hungarian bauxite deposits. The typical features of bauxites are analyzed from a variety of aspects and results from different bauxite regions are compared. Other chapters consider the feature of metamorphosed karst bauxites. The remaining chapters discuss the conditions of formation of karst bauxites and with the factors controlling their geographic and stratigraphic distribution.

This book will prove useful to geologists, mineralogists, and researchers.

Contenu

Introduction

1. Classification of Bauxite Deposits
2. Geographic and Stratigraphie Distribution
   2.1. Geographic Distribution
   2.2. Stratigraphie Distribution
3. Depositology
   3.1. Classification of Karst Bauxite Deposits
   3.2. Mediterranean-Type Deposits
   3.2.1. Geometry
   3.2.2. Arrangement of Deposits
   3.2.3. Relationship Between the Bauxite and its Bedrock
   3.2.4. Relationship of the Bauxite to its Cover
   3.3. Timan-Type Deposits
   3.3.1. Deposit Morphology
   3.3.2. Relation of the Bauxite to its Bedrock
   3.3.3. Relation of the Bauxite to its Cover
   3.4. Kazakhstan-Type Deposits
   3.4.1. Deposit Morphology
   3.4.2. Deposit Patterns
   3.4.3. Relation of the Bauxite Complex to its Bedrock
   3.4.4. Relation of the Bauxite Complex to its Cover
   3.5. Ariège-Type Deposits
   3.5.1. Deposit Morphology
   3.5.2. Relation of the Bauxite to its Bedrock
   3.5.3. Relation of the Bauxite to its Cover
   3.6. Salento-Type Deposits
   3.7. Tulsk-Type Deposits
   3.8. Geohistoric Distribution of Deposit Types
   3.9. Bauxite Formations
   3.9.1. Carbonatic Bauxitic Formations
   3.9.2. Bauxite Formations Including Coal Seams, Clays and Carbonates (the 'Coal-Clay-Carbonate Formation')
   3.9.3. Clayey-Sandy Bauxitic Formations
   3.9.4. Summary
4. Lithology
   4.1. Classification and Frequency of Bauxite Types
   4.1.1. Previous Classifications
   4.1.2. A New Proposal of Classification
   4.1.3. Abundance of Bauxite Types
   4.2. Particle Size of Bauxite
   4.3. The Texture of Bauxite
   4.3.1. The Textural Elements of Bauxite
   4.3.2. Types of Texture
   4.3.3. Abundance of Textural Types in Space and Time
   4.4. Lithostructures of Bauxite
   4.4.1. Stratification, Foliation
   4.4.2. Pebbles and Gravels of Carbonate Rocks in Bauxite
   4.4.3. Other Intercalations and Lumps of Alien Rock
   4.4.4. Joints, Fissures, Slickensides
   4.4.5. Incrustations and Segregations at the Bedrock Surface
   4.5. Physical Properties of Bauxite
   4.5.1. The Fracture of Bauxite
   4.5.2. The Touch of Bauxite
   4.5.3. The Hardness of Bauxite
   4.5.4. The Compactness of Bauxite
   4.5.5. The Color of Bauxite
   4.6. The Petrographic Arrangement of the Bauxite Deposits
5. Mineral Composition
   5.1. Starting Data
   5.2. Distribution and Associations of the Rock-Forming Minerals
   5.2.1. Distribution and Average Abundances of the Rock-Forming Minerals
   5.2.2. Relative Abundances within the Principal Mineral Groups
   5.2.3. Variation of Mineral Composition within a Bauxite Region or Deposit Group
   5.2.4. Changes of Mineralogical Composition within the Deposit
   5.2.5. Relationship Between Mineral Composition and Texture
   5.2.6. Mineralogical Changes Connected with Color
   5.3. The Minerals of Karst Bauxites
   5.3.1. Oxides and Hydroxides
   5.3.2. Silicates
   5.3.3. Carbonates
   5.3.4. Sulphides and Arsenides
   5.3.5. Sulphates
   5.3.6. Phosphates, Vanadates and Arsenates
   5.3.7. Native Elements
   5.3.8. Organic Minerals
   5.4. Individualism and Heterogeneity of Bauxite Minerals
   5.5. Issues of Mineral Genetics
   5.5.1. Conditions of Laboratory Synthesis of the Rock-Forming Bauxite Minerals
   5.5.2. Earlier Hypotheses Concerning the Origin of the Rock-Forming Bauxite Minerals
   5.5.3. A Genetic System of Rock-Forming Bauxite Minerals
6. Karst Bauxite and Terra Rossa
   6.1. The Composition of Terra Rossa
   6.2. The Origin of Terra Rossa
7. Structural Position
   7.1. Geotectonic Position of the Bauxite Regions
   7.1.1. Spatial Position
   7.1.2. Temporal Position
   7.1.3. Relationship Between Type of Deposit and Geotectonic Position in Karst Bauxites
   7.2. Relationship Between Bauxite Deposits and Local Tectonic Structure
8. Genetic Assessment
   8.1. A Review of Theories on Bauxite Origin
   8.1.1. Lateritogenic Theories
   8.1.2. The Terra Rossa Theory
   8.1.3. Chemogenic Theories
   8.1.4. Hydrothermal Theories
   8.1.5. Volcanogenic Theories
   8.1.6. The Phytogenic Theory
   8.1.7. An Assessment of the Theories of Bauxite Origin
   8.2. Issues of Parent Rock
   8.2.1. A Lateritic Parent Rock
   8.2.2. Clayey, Marly Parent Rock?
   8.2.3. A Carbonate Parent Rock
   8.2.4. Clays, Marls or Tuffs Intercalated in Carbonate Successions
   8.2.5. A. D. Arkhangelsky's Chemogenic Theory
   8.2.6. The Sulphuric Acid Theory
   8.2.7. The Hydrothermal Hypothesis
   8.2.8. Volcanic Ash as a Parent Material
   8.2.9. Floating Pumice as a Parent Material
   8.2.10. Combinations of Several Parent Materials
   8.3. Issues of Transport
   8.3.1. Theories of Autochthony
   8.3.2. Theories of Parautochthony
   8.3.3. Theories of Allochthony
   8.3.4. Mode of Transport
   8.4. Site and Facies of Deposition
   8.5. Issues of Bauxitisation
   8.5.1. Spatial Conditions
   8.5.2. Climatic Conditions
   8.5.3. Role of the Plant Cover
   8.5.4. Geomorphological Factors
   8.5.5. Hydrogeological Factors
   8.5.6. Geochemical and Physico-Chemical Factors
   8.5.7. Colloid Chemical Factors
   8.5.8. Composition of the Rock Exposed to Bauxitisation
   8.5.9. The Time Factor
   8.5.10. Mode of Progress of Bauxitisation
   8.5.11. Differences in Bauxitisation Between Deposit Types
   8.5.12. The Role of the Karst in Bauxite Formation
   8.5.13. Relationship Between Bauxite Formation and Pedogenesis
   8.6. The Evolution of Bauxite Formation and Historical Geology
   8.6.1. Plate Tectonics as an Explanation for the Distribution of Bauxite Formation
   8.6.2. Interpretation of Bauxite Formation in the Orogens
   8.6.3. General Geohistorical Problems of Bauxite Formation
   References
   Index of Names
   List of Localities
   Subject Index