A closed ecological system is an ecosystem that provides for the maintenance of life through complete reutilization of available material, in particular by means of cycles wherein exhaled carbon dioxide, fuel and other waste matter are converted, chemically or by photosynthesis, into oxygen, water and food.
Closed Ecological Systems: Can They Save the Future?
What is a Closed Ecological System?
Why Would We Need Closed Ecological Systems?
What Are the Different Types of Closed Ecological Systems?
BIOS-1, BIOS-2, and BIOS-3
Biosphere 2
MELiSSA
What Are the Challenges of Creating Closed Ecological Systems?
Can Closed Ecological Systems Change the Future?

How You Will Benefit

(I) Insights, and validations about the following topics:

Chapter 1: Closed Ecological System
Chapter 2: Biosphere
Chapter 3: Biosphere 2
Chapter 4: Bioshelter
Chapter 5: Greenhouse
Chapter 6: Seawater Greenhouse
Chapter 7: IBTS Greenhouse
Chapter 8: Eden Project
Chapter 9: Chang'e 4
Chapter 10: Space Stations and Habitats in Fiction
Chapter 11: Controlled Ecological Life-Support System
Chapter 12: Controlled-Environment Agriculture
Chapter 13: Ecosphere (Planetary)
Chapter 14: Spome
Chapter 15: Ecology
Chapter 16: Ecosystem Service
Chapter 17: Terraforming
Chapter 18: Space Colonization

(II) Answering the public top questions about closed ecological systems.
(III) Real world examples for the usage of closed ecological systems in many fields.
(IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technology in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of closed ecological systems' technologies.

Who This Book Is For

Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of closed ecological systems.