The exclusion of the destitute population from the formal financial system is a long-standing problem in India. This book examines the performance of financial inclusion policies in India to understand their impact on two urban vulnerable groups, Slum Dwellers and Beggars. This study includes analysis at the national level, the variables of the financial inclusion index like Penetration, Availability, and Usage from 2006 to 2020 from the world bank data set. Similarly, the authors examine five policies on financial inclusion by conducting a primary level survey on two urban capital cities of Lucknow and Kolkata, using a well-structured questionnaire for data collection. The authors uses two sampling techniques: simple random in the case of beggars, and stratified random in the case of slum dwellers. This book highlights the difference between financial access and non-access of household respondents in capturing the impacts of financial inclusion schemes on their socio-economic condition and financial behavior. The findings indicate that access to these schemes is extremely limited for the underprivileged population, such as beggars and slum dwellers. The analysis has shown that claims made by the government are not based on real-life occurrences. This book demonstrates that these programs have a negligible effect on life-deprived people. This book will be of interest to academia, policymakers, and society at large.

Auteur

Firdous Ahmad Malik is a Fellow Economics at CUTS Institute for Regulation & Competition (CIRC), New Delhi, India. He has published papers in Springer, Elsevier, Taylor Francis and other Scopus indexed journals. His research focuses on financial behaviour of the poorest of the poor, financial inclusion, and financial literacy; specializing in Microfinance, Development Economics, Urban-Rural Poverty, Monetary Economics, Public Finance and Inclusive Education. D. K. Yadav is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Economics, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow, India. He has published papers in Springer, Elsevier, and other Scopus indexed journals. He has 12 years of teaching experience in Economics (Money and banking, public finance and econometrics). His research focuses on Econometric Theory, Applied Econometrics: Policy Evaluation in Microfinance, poverty and informal economy, Money and Banking and Financial Institutions, Monetary Economics, and Public Finance.

Contenu

S. No. TitleChapter 1: Introduction1.1 Introduction1.2 Definition of Financial Inclusion:1.3 Literature Review1.3.1 Concept of Financial inclusion and exclusion1.4 Problems of supply driven financial policies and poor1.5 Recent Financial Inclusion Schemes1.6 Research Questions1.7 Scope of the Study1.8 Statement of the Research Problem1.9 Objectives of the Study1.10 Hypothesis1.11 Methodology1.11.1 Research Methods1.12 Chapter Plan1.13 ReferencesChapter 2: Financial Theories and Their Relevance in Financial Inclusion2.1 Introduction2.2 Theoretical Background2.3 Individual-Oriented Perspectives2. 4 Sociological Perspective2.5 Institutional Perspective2.6 Conclusion2.7 ReferencesChapter 3: Impact of Recent Financial Inclusion Schemes on Status of Financial inclusion in India: Secondary Data Analysis3.1 Introduction3.2 Recent Financial Inclusion Schemes and Their Performances from Secondary Data Analysis3.2.1 Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)3.2.2 Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana3.2.3 Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY)3.2.4 Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY)3.2.5 Atal Pension Yojana (APY)3.3 Development of Financial Inclusion Index3.4 Calculation of Financial Inclusion Index (FII) - Comparison of Past Attempts3.5 The Financial Inclusion Index3.6 Impact Assessment of Recent Financial Inclusion Schemes on Financial Inclusion Index:3.6.1 Regression Model3.7 Conclusion3.8 ReferencesChapter 4 Socio-Economic Conditions and Pattern of Access and Non-Access in Recent Financial Inclusion Schemes of the Poorest of Poor.4.1 Introduction4.2 Socio-economic conditions of Beggars from Lucknow and Kolkata. 4.3 Socio-economic conditions of slums from Lucknow and Kolkata.4.4 Access and Non-access pattern of financial products and services (Slums)4.5 Access and Non-access pattern of financial products and services (Beggars)4.6 Patterns of access and non-access with reference to socio -economic factors4.7 Determining Factors of Financial Access among Slum Dwellers and Beggars4.7.1 Hypothesis testing 4.7.2 Binary Logistic Regression Model4.8 Findings4.9 Conclusion4.8 ReferencesChapter 5: Financial Inclusion Schemes and Changing Socio Economic Status of Poorest of The Poor5.1 Introduction5.2 Living Status of Slums in Lucknow and Kolkata5.3 Flow chart of Hypothesis: Banking access and socio-economic status of slums in Lucknow and Kolkata5.4 Socio Economic Status: Variables of the study5.5 Socio Economic Index5.6 Regression Model (I)5.7 Financial Inclusion and Financial Literacy Index5.8 Regression Model (II)5.9 Findings5.10 Conclusion5.11 ReferencesChapter 6: Impact of Recent Financial Inclusion Schemes on Economic and Financial Behaviour of Poorest of the Poor6.1 Introduction6.2 Financial Access and Income Pattern of Slum Dwellers6.3 Financial Access and Expenditure Pattern of Slums6.4 Income Expenditure Mismatch Among Slums Dwellers and Beggars6.5 Financial Access and Financial Behaviour of Slum Dwellers6.6 Description of MANOVA Model6.6.1 Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) 6.7 Findings6.8 Conclusions6.9 ReferencesChapter 7 Conclusions, Findings and Recommendation7.1 Conclusions7.2 Findings of the Study7.3 Recommendations of the study7.4 Limitations of the Study8.1 Bibliography 9.1 Appendixes 5.12 Appendixes