The book explores the relation between truth, trust and wealth in the modern history of Iran, and provides an up-to-date theoretical understanding of Iran and investigates the lack of stability, development and wealth creation in the country. Tragedy of confusion alongside unstable coalitions, frequent crises and socio-political violence result in an inability to build a solid foundation for the process of wealth creation via generation of trust in institutions. Drawing upon the latest research in economics, psychology, politics and philosophy, this study offers a new theoretical framework for interpretation of the Iranian modern history and its troubled experience of development. This monograph will appeal to researchers, scholars, graduate students, policy makers and anyone interested in the Middle Eastern politics, Iran, development studies and political economy. Farhad Gohardani is an economist who has worked as a researcher on socio-economic development in Iran, at the University of York and York St John University. He is also a Media Commentator in the UK. Zahra Tizro is Senior Lecturer at the School of Psychological and Social Sciences, York St John University, UK.

Auteur
Farhad Gohardani is an economist who has worked as a researcher on socio-economic development in Iran, at the University of York and York St John University. He is also a Media Commentator in the UK. Zahra Tizro is Senior Lecturer at University of East London (UEL), UK.

Résumé
This study entails a theoretical reading of the Iranian modern history and follows an interdisciplinary agenda at the intersection of philosophy, psychoanalysis, economics, and politics and intends to offer a novel framework for the analysis of socio-economic development in Iran in the modern era. A brief review of Iranian modern history from the Constitutional Revolution to the Oil Nationalization Movement, the 1979 Islamic Revolution, and the recent Reformist and Green Movements demonstrates that Iranian people travelled full circle. This historical experience of socio-economic development revolving around the bitter question of Why are we backward? and its manifestation in perpetual socio-political instability and violence is the subject matter of this study. Michel Foucault's conceived relation between the production of truth and production of wealth captures the essence of hypothesis offered in this study. Foucault (1980: 9394) maintains that In the last analysis, we must produce truth as we must produce wealth; indeed we must produce truth in order to produce wealth in the first place. Based on a hybrid methodology combining hermeneutics of understanding and hermeneutics of suspicion, this monograph proposes that the failure to produce wealth has had particular roots in the failure in the production of truth and trust. At the heart of the proposed theoretical model is the following formula: the Iranian subject's confused preference structure culminates in the formation of unstable coalitions which in turn leads to institutional failure, creating a chaotic social order and a turbulent history as experienced by the Iranian nation in the modern era. As such, the society oscillates between the chaotic states of socio-political anarchy emanating from irreconcilable differences between and within social assemblages and their affiliated hybrid forms of regimes of truth in the springs of freedom and repressive states of order in the winters of discontent. Each time, after the experience of chaos, the order is restored based on the emergence of a final arbiter (Iranian leviathan) as the evolved coping strategy for achieving conflict resolution. This highly volatile truth cycle produces the experience of socio-economic backwardness and violence. The explanatory power of the theoretical framework offered in the study exploring the relation between the production of truth, trust, and wealth is demonstrated via providing historical examples from strong events of Iranian modern history. The significant policy implications of the model are explored. This monograph will appeal to researchers, scholars, graduate students, policy makers and anyone interested in the Middle Eastern politics, Iran, development studies and political economy.

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