The Russian Avant-garde was born at the turn of the 20th century in pre-revolutionary Russia. The intellectual and cultural turmoil had then reached a peak and provided fertile soil for the formation of the movement. For many artists influenced by European art, the movement represented a way of liberating themselves from the social and aesthetic constraints of the past. It was these Avant-garde artists who, through their immense creativity, gave birth to abstract art, thereby elevating Russian culture to a modern level. Such painters as Kandinsky, Malevich, Goncharova, Larionov, and Tatlin, to name but a few, had a definitive impact on 20th-century art.

Contenu
1;Contents;4
2;Art in the First Years of the Revolution;7
2.1;'Picasso, this is not the new art.';7
2.2;The Spiritual Universe;8
2.3;The ROSTA Windows (Russian Telegraph Agency) of Petrograd;14
2.4;The Sevodnia Artel;17
2.5;The VKhUTEMAS [Higher Art and Technical Studios];17
2.6;Wassily Kandinsky;18
2.7;The Struggle Against Gravity;23
2.8;The 'Renaissance' of Vitebsk;27
3;Schools and Movements;39
3.1;The Institute of Artistic Culture;39
3.2;The Additional Element;40
3.3;Elena Guro;43
3.4;The Signal for a Return to Nature;44
3.5;The End of the INKhUK;47
3.6;Malevich's Second Peasant Cycle;48
3.7;The Rebellion Against God;51
3.8;The National 'Tone' of Colour;54
3.9;Filonov and the Masters of Analytical Art;59
3.10;The Kalevala;70
3.11;Artistic Groups in the 1920s;75
3.12;Sculpture, Porcelain and Textile Manufacture;93
3.13;The Avant-Garde Stopped in its Tracks;96
4;MAJOR ARTISTS;103
4.1;The Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia (AKhRR), (renamed in 1928 The Association of Artists of the Revolution - AKhRR), 1922-1932, Moscow - Leningrad;104
4.2;Circle of Artists, 1925-1932, Leningrad;107
4.3;The Masters of Analytical Art (MAI), 1925-1932, Leningrad;108
4.4;The Makovets, 1921-1925, Moscow;111
4.5;The World of Art, 1898-1904, 1910-1924, St Petersburg - Moscow;112
4.6;Monolith, 1918-1922, Moscow;115
4.7;The New Society of Painters (NOZh), 1921-1914, Moscow;115
4.8;Oktiabr (including the group Molodoi Oktiabr), 1930-1932, Moscow - Leningrad;116
4.9;Painters of Moscow, 1924-1926, Moscow;119
4.10;The Four Arts Society of Artists, 1925-1932, Leningrad - Moscow;120
4.11;The Society of Moscow Artists (OMKh), 1927-1932, Moscow;122
4.12;The Union of Youth, 1910-1914, 1917-1919, St Petersburg - Petrograd;124
4.13;Nathan Altman (Vinnitsa, 1889 - Leningrad, 1970);126
4.14;Yuri Annenkov (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, 1889 - Paris, 1974);128
4.15;Sergei Bulakovski (Odessa, 1880 - Kratovo, 1937);128
4.16;Leon Bakst (Grodno, 1866 - Paris, 1924);130
4.17;David Burliuk (Hamlet of Semirotovchtchina (now region of Kharkov), 1882 - Long Island, New York, 1967);134
4.18;Marc Chagall (Vitebsk, 1887 - Saint-Paul-de-Vence, 1985);136
4.19;Alexander Shevchenko (Kharkov, 1883 - Moscow, 1948);140
4.20;Yuri Schukin (Voronej, 1904 - Moscow, 1935);142
4.21;Maria Ender (St Petersburg, 1897 - Leningrad, 1942);142
4.22;Vera Ermolaeva (Petrovsk, 1893 - district of Karaganda, victim of Stalinist repression, 1938);144
4.23;Evguenija Evenbach (Krementchug, 1889 - Leningrad, 1981);146
4.24;Alexandra Exter (Belostok, 1882 - Fontenay-aux-Roses, 1949);148
4.25;Robert Rafailovich Falk (Moscow, 1886 - Moscow, 1958);150
4.26;Pavel Filonov (Moscow, 1883 - Leningrad, 1941);152
4.27;Natalia Goncharova (Negayevo, 1881 - Paris, 1962);154
4.28;Elena Guro (St Petersburg, 1877 - Uusikirkko, 1913);156
4.29;Lev Yudin (Vitebsk, 1903 - Leningrad, died on the front near Leningrad, 1941);158
4.30;Pyotr Kontchalovsky (Slaviansk, 1876 - Moscow, 1956);160
4.31;Wassily Kandinsky (Moscow, 1866 - Neuilly-sur-Seine, 1944);162
4.32;Valentin Kurdov (Mikhailovskoie, 1905 - Leningrad, 1989);166
4.33;Mikhail Larionov (Tiraspol, 1881 - Fontenay-aux-Roses, 1964);168
4.34;Vladimir Lebedev (St Petersburg, 1891 - Leningrad, 1967);172
4.35;Aristarkh Lentulov (Vorona, 1882 - Moscow, 1943);174
4.36;Lazar Lissitzky, known as El-Lissitzky (Potchinok, 1890 - Moscow, 1941);176
4.37;Ilya Mashkov (Hamlet of Mikhailovskaya, now district of Ourioupinsk, region of Volgograd, 1881 - Moscow, 1944);178
4.38;Kazimir Malevich (Kiev, 1878 - Leningrad, 1935);178
4.39;Mikhail Matiushin (Nijni-Novgorod, 1861 - Leningrad, 1934);180
4.40;Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin (Khvalynsk, 1878 - Leningrad, 1939);184
4.41;Alexander Rodchenko (St Petersburg, 1891 - Moscow, 1956);186
4.42;Mikhail Sokolov (Yarloslavl, 1885 - Moscow, 1947);188
4.43;Nikolai Suetin (Miatlevskaya, 1897 - Leningrad, 1954);190
4.44;Vladimir Tatlin (Moscow, 1885 - Moscow, 1953);192
5;Notes;194
6;Biblio