Plasma Spectroscopy

A systematic development of the foundations of spectroscopy for plasmas subjected to quasi-monochromatic electric fields in the microwave or visible range. Of importance are the transverse fields present in the plasmas of tokamaks, laser fusion, and technological microwave discharges. The book describes methods for measuring the field and plasma parameters and discusses their practical application, while also presenting new results on nonpertubative analysis of the interaction of quantum systems with a strong radiation field.

Contenu

1. Introduction.- 2. Analytical Methods for the Calculation of Quasienergy States (QS) of Quantum Systems.- 2.1 Interaction of Quantum Systems with a Nonstationary Field.- 2.2 Perturbation Theory for QSs of Degenerate Quantum Systems.- 2.2.1 Calculation of the QSs as a Stationary Problem.- 2.2.2 Perturbation Theory.- 2.3 High-Frequency or Very Intense Nonstationary Fields.- 2.3.1 Calculation of the QSs as a Stationary Problem.- 2.3.2 Perturbation Theory.- 2.3.3 Generalizations.- 3. Action of One-Dimensional Quasimonochromatic Electric Fields (QEF) on Coulomb Emitters.- 3.1 Splitting of Hydrogen-like Spectral Lines in a Single-Mode QEF.- 3.1.1 Analytical Investigation.- 3.1.2 Numerical Calculations. Oscillatory Behavior of Halfwidths and Intensities.- 3.1.3 Doppler Broadening. Formal Analogy with Thomson Scattering in the Presence of QEFs.- 3.2 Splitting of Hydrogen-like Spectral Lines in a Multimode QEF.- 3.2.1 Analytical Investigation for the Number of Modes Approaching Infinity, and Equal to 2.- 3.2.2 Numerical Calculations.- 3.3 Impact Broadening of Hydrogen-like Spectral Lines.- 3.3.1 Modifications of Impact Broadening Due to QEF.- 3.3.2 Modification of QEF-induced Line Splitting Due to Impact Broadening.- 3.4 Frequency-integrated Radiative Characteristics of Hydrogen-like Emitters Interacting with a Resonant Laser Field and a Low-Frequency QEF.- 3.4.1 Resonant Multiquantum Interaction.- 3.4.2 Non-Degenerate Case.- 3.4.3 Degenerate Case.- 3.4.4 Applications of the Results.- 4. Action of Multidimensional Dynamic Electric Fields on Coulomb Emitters.- 4.1 Splitting of Hydrogen-like Spectral Lines in a Plane Polarized QEF.- 4.1.1 Analytical Results for a Circularly Polarized Field.- 4.1.2 Multiquantum Dynamic Resonance in an Elliptically Polarized Field.- 4.1.3 Elliptically Polarized Fields in the High-Frequency Limit.- 4.1.4 Measurements of Elliptically Polarized Field Parameters.- 4.1.5 Analytical Investigation of Two-Dimensional Multimode QEFs.- 4.2 Joint Action of QEF and Quasistatic EF on Hydrogen-like Spectral Lines.- 4.2.1 Dynamic Resonance.- 4.2.2 Hydrogen-like Lines at a Multiquantum Dynamic Resonance and Away from the Resonance.- 4.2.3 The L? Spectral Line with Detuning from Resonance.- 4.2.4 Dips in Hydrogen Spectral Lines Resulting from the Resonance Effects.- 4.2.5 Intra-Stark Spectroscopy. Diagnostic Recommendations.- 4.3 Hydrogen-like Spectral Lines in a High-Frequency or Strong QEF with a Quasistatic EF.- 4.3.1 Calculation of Quasienergy States.- 4.3.2 Calculations of the L?, L? and H? Line Profiles.- 4.3.3 Further Generalizations for the Action of a Static Magnetic Field.- 5. Action of a One-Dimensional QEF on Non-Coulomb Emitters.- 5.1 Satellites of Dipole-Forbidden Spectral Lines Caused by a Nonresonant Action of QEFs (Three-Level Scheme).- 5.1.1 Dirac Perturbation Theory. Baranger-Mozer Method for Measurements of QEF Parameters.- 5.1.2 Adiabatic Theory of Satellites and Quasilocal Method for Measurements of QEF Parameters.- 5.1.3 Polarization of Satellites.- 5.1.4 Strong Asymmetry of Satellite Distribution in Very Intense QEFs.- 5.1.5 Modification of Helium-like Ion Satellites Caused by Mixing of Singlet and Triplet Terms.- 5.1.6 Satellites in a Stochastic QEF.- 5.2 Satellites of Dipole-Forbidden Spectral Lines in Resonant QEFs. Three-Level Scheme.- 5.2.1 Multiquantum Resonance in a Two-Level Subsystem.- 5.2.2 Spectrum of Spontaneous Transitions to a Third Level in a Multiquantum Resonance.- 5.3 Satellites of Dipole-Forbidden Spectral Lines in More Complicated (Four-Level) Systems.- 5.3.1 QSs of a Three-Level Subsystem in a High-Frequency or Intense Field.- 5.3.2 Radiative Transitions from the States 2P1/2, 2S1/2, 2P3/2 of a Hydrogen-like Ion in a High-Frequency or Intense Field.- 5.4 Electron Oscillatory Shift in Plasmas Interacting with a Powerful Coherent Radiation.- 5.4.1 Calculation in the Rectilinear Trajectories Approximation.- 5.4.2 Calculations Including Curved Trajectories.- 5.4.3 Discussion.- 5.5 Action of QEFs on Diatomic Polar Molecules.- 5.5.1 Satellites in Vibrational-Rotational Spectra.- 5.5.2 Ultra-sensitive Laser Induced Fluorescence Measurements of Weak QEFs in Low-Temperature Plasmas.- 5.6 Frequency-Integrated Radiative Characteristics of Non-Coloumb Emitters Interacting with a Resonant Laser Field and Low-Frequency QEF.- 6. Non-Coulomb Emitters Under Multidimensional Dynamic EFs (Elliptically Polarized QEFs; Quasistatic EF plus QEF).- 6.1 Satellites of Dipole-Forbidden Spectral Lines Caused by an Elliptically Polarized QEF.- 6.1.1 Three-Level Scheme, Nonresonant QEF.- 6.1.2 Three-Level Scheme, Resonant QEF.- 6.1.3 Four-Level Scheme.- 6.2 Joint Action of QEF and Intraplasmic Quasistatic EF on Non-Coulomb Emitters.- 6.2.1 Strong Influence of a Quasistatic EF on Satellites of Dipole-Forbidden Lines.- 6.2.2 Intra-Stark Spectroscopy.- 6.2.3 Joint Action of a Quasistatic EF and a High-Frequency QEF on a Hydrogen-like Ion. Fine Structure and Lamb Shift. Local Measurements of Amplitude Angular Distributions of Low-Frequency Plasma Turbulence.- 6.3 Shift of Spectral Lines of Diatomic Polar Molecules in an Elliptically Polarized QEF.- 7. Applications of the Theory to Experimental Plasma Diagnostics.- 7.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 7.2 QEFs in ?-Pinches.- 7.2.1 QEFs Under a Magnetic Field Annihilation.- 7.2.2 QEFs Under a Rapid Compression of a ?-Pinch Plasma.- 7.3 QEFs in a Z-Pinch.- 7.4 New Features of Intra-Stark Spectroscopy Caused by a High Density of Plasmas.- 7.5 QEFs in Tokamaks.- 7.5.1 Intense EFs in the Edge Plasma of the T-10 Tokamak.- 7.5.2 Novel Spectroscopic Diagnostics of EFs in Tokamaks.- 7.6 QEFs in Plasmas Interacting with a Strong Microwave Field.- 7.6.1 Technique Utilizing Hydrogen or Deuterium Lines.- 7.6.2 Quasilocal Measurements Technique Utilizing Lines of Non-Coulomb Emitters.- 7.6.3 Techniques of Local Laser Fluorescence Diagnostics.- Appendices.- D Generalized QSs of a Hydrogen Atom in a Bichromatic EF.- E Influence of Bound Electrons on the Frequency and Damping of Langmuir Oscillations.- References.