Ethics Expertise

The complexity of the modern world has led to increasing professional specialization. Experts in a variety of fields, including ethics, offer advice and solutions. But where professional expertise often involves mastering certain facts, ethics expertise is distinct. It is not clear, for example, whether moral expertise consists of knowledge of right and wrong, the ability to articulate implications of moral premises, or the display of an outstanding character oneself.

This volume examines philosophical conceptions of ethics expertise from both historical and contemporary perspectives, including applications of ethics expertise in such areas as bioethics consultation, expert witnessing and policy making. It will be of interest to scholars of moral philosophy as well as contemporary practitioners in many areas of bioethics.

Résumé
Section I examines historical philosophical understandings of expertise in order to situate the current institution of bioethics. Section II focuses on philosophical analyses of the concept of expertise, asking, among other things, how it should be understood, how it can be acquired, and what such expertise warrants. Finally, section III addresses topics in bioethics and how ethics expertise should or should not be brought to bear in these areas, including expertise in the court room, in the hospital room, in the media, and in making policy. 2. A GUIDED HISTORICAL TOUR As Scott LaBarge points out, Plato's dialogues can be viewed as an extended treatment of the concept of moral expertise, so it is fitting to begin the volume with an examination of Socrates and Moral Expertise. Given Socrates' protestations (the Oracle at Delphi notwithstanding) that he knows nothing, LaBarge observes that it would be interesting to determine both what a Socratic theory of moral expertise might be and whether Socrates qualified as such an expert. Plato's model of moral expertise is what LaBarge calls demonstrable expertise, which is concerned mainly with the ability to attain a goal and to explain how one did it. The problem with this account is that when one tries to solve the various problems in the model for example, allowing that moral expertise is not an all-or-nothing skill then one is immediately faced with the credentials problem. As LaBarge puts it, . . .

Contenu
Introduction: In Search of Ethics Expertise.- A Guided Historical Tour.- Socrates and Moral Expertise.- Aristotle's Moral Expert: The phronimos.- Hume on True and False Philosophy.- Moral Expertise: A Millian Perspective.- The Ineffable and the Incalculable: G.E. Moore on Ethical Expertise.- Pragmatism and Ethical Expertise.- Contemporary Perspectives.- Expert Moral Choice in Medicine: A Study of Uncertainty and Locality.- Societal Consensus and the Problem of Consent: Refocusing the Problem of Ethics Expertise in Liberal Democracies.- Ethical Expertise, Maternal Thinking, and the Work of Clinical Ethicists.- Contemporary Applications.- The Roles of Scientific and Normative Expertise in Public Policy Formation: The Anthrax Vaccine Case.- Philosophers Return to the Agora.- Ethical Expertise in the Clinical Setting.- Bioethical Expertise in Health Care Organizations.- The Expert Ethics Witness as Teacher.