Coastal Upwelling Its Sediment Record

NATO Advanced Research Institutes are designed to explore unre­ solved problems. By focusing complementary expertise from various disciplines onto one unifying theme, they approach old problems in new ways. In line with this goal of the NATO Science Committee, and with substantial support from the u.s. Office of Naval Research and the Seabed Assessment Program of the U. S. National Science Founda­ tion, such a Research Institute on the theme of Coastal Upwelling and Its Sediment Record was held september 1-4, 1981, in Vilamoura, Portugal. The theme implies a modification of uniformitarian thinking in earth science. Expectations were directed not so much towards find­ ing the key to the past as towards exploring the limits of interpret­ ing the past based on present upwelling oceanography. Coastal up­ welling and its imprint on sediments are particularly well-suited for such a scientific inquiry. The oceanic processes and conditions characteristic of upwelling are well understood and are a well­ packaged representation of ocean science that are familiar to geolo­ gists, just as the magnitude of bioproduction and sedimentation in upwelling regimes --among other biological and geological processes-­ have made oceanographers realize that the bottom has a feedback role for their models.

Contenu

of Part A.- Circulation patterns in upwelling regimes.- Observations of a persistent upwelling center off Point Conception, California.- Nutrient mapping and recurrence of coastal upwelling centers by satellite remote sensing: Its implication to primary production and the sediment record.- Upwelling patterns off Portugal.- Stable-isotope composition of foraminifers: The surface and bottom water record of coastal upwelling.- On nutrient variability and sediments in upwelling regions.- Oxygen consumption and denitrification below the Peruvian upwelling.- Effects of source nutrient concentrations and nutrient regeneration on production of organic matter in coastal upwelling centers.- Skeletal plankton and nekton in upwelling water masses off northwestern South America and northwest Africa.- Seasonal variations in particulate flux in an offshore area adjacent to coastal upwelling.- Downward transport of particulate matter in the Peru coastal upwelling: Role of the anchoveta, Engraulis ringers.- Vertical transport and transformation of biogenic organic compounds from a sediment trap experiment off the coast of Peru.- Relationships between the chemical composition of particulate organic matter and phytoplankton distributions in recently upwelled waters off Peru.- Particulate geochemistry in an area of coastal upwelling: The Santa Barbara Basin.- Zooplankton and nekton: Natural barriers to the seaward transport of suspended terrigenous particles off Peru.- Geochemistry of Namibian shelf sediments.- Upwelling and phosphorite formation in the ocean.- Are phosphorites reliable indicators of upwelling?.- Unconsolidated phosphorites, high barium and diatom abundances in some Namibian shelf sediments.- Sulfide speciations in upwelling areas.- Excess Th-230 in sediments off N.W. Africa traces upwelling in the past.- A note on Cretaceous black shales and Recent sediments from oxygen deficient environments: Paleoceanographic implications.- Rapid formation of humic material from diatom debris.- Late Quaternary fluctuations in the cycling of organic matter off central Peru: A proto-kerogen record.- Organic geochemistry of laminated sediments from the Gulf of California.- The potential of organic geochemical compounds as sedimentary indicators of upwelling.- Metal-staining of sedimentary organic matter by natural processes.- Participants.