Residual Stress and Stress Relaxation

The Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center in coop­ eration with the Materials Science Group of the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science of Syracuse University has been conducting the Annual Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference since 1954. The specific purpose of these conferences has been to bring together scientists and engineers from academic institutions, industry and government who are uniquely qualified to explore in depth a subject of importance to the Department of Defense, the Army and the scientific community. These proceedings, entitled RESIDUAL STRESS AND STRESS RELAXATION, address the nature of residual stresses and their measurements, the sources of residual stress, stress relaxation, sub-critical crack growth in the presence of residual stress, residual stresses and properties, and research in progress. We wish to acknowledge the assistance of Mr. Dan McNaught of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center and Mr. Robert J. Sell and Helen Brown DeMascio of Syracuse University throughout the stages of the conference planning and finally the publication of the book. The continued active interest and support of these conferences by Dr. E. Wright, Director of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center, is appreciated.

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Session I.- The Nature of Residual Stress and Its Measurement.- Session II.- Thermal and Transformation Stresses.- Load Induced Residual Stress Changes in Carburized Steel Computations and Experiments.- Residual Stresses and Distortion in Weldments-A Review of the Present State-of-the-Art-.- Thermal Modifications of Welding Residual Stresses.- Shot Peening and Residual Stresses.- Session III.- Measurement of Throughwall Residual Stresses in Large-Diameter Piping Butt Weldments Using Strain-Gauge Techniques.- X-Ray Methods for Measuring Residual Stress.- Measurements of Stress in the Interior of Solids with Neutrons.- Session IV.- Mechanical Relaxation Response of 2 Cr-1 Mo Steel.- Effect of Temperature on Stress Relaxation of Several Metallic Materials.- Thermal Relaxation in Autofrettaged Cylinders.- Session V.- The Numerical Simulation of Crack Growth in Weld-Induced Residual Stress Fields.- Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Crack Growth-Residual Stress Effects.- Stress Corrosion Crack Growth in the Presence of Residual Stresses.- The Relaxation of Residual Stresses During Fatigue.- Session VI.- The Generation of Residual Stresses in Metal-Forming Processes.- Stress Relaxation in Spring Materials.- Problems with Residual Stress in the Railroad Industry.- Measurement of Residual Stresses in Ammunition.- Session VII.- X-Ray Residual Stress Measurement Systems for Army Material Problems.- Residual Stresses and Stress Relieving in Uranium Alloys.- Residual Stresses in Resin Matrix Composites.- Residual Stress Measurement in Metal Matrix Composites.- Residual Stress Development in Ceramics.- Session VIII.- Determination of Residual Stress Distributions in the Interior of Technical Parts by Means of Neutron Diffraction.- Calculation of Quenching Stresses with and Without Transformation Effects.- X-Ray Measurements of Long-Range Strains: A Bridge Between Micromechanics and Macromechanics.- Stress Relaxation Characteristics and Data Utilization.