Electrocatalysts for Low Temperature Fuel Cells

Meeting the need for a text on solutions to conditions which have so far been a drawback for this important and trend-setting technology, this monograph places special emphasis on novel, alternative catalysts of low temperature fuel cells. Comprehensive in its coverage, the text discusses not only the electrochemical, mechanistic, and material scientific background, but also provides extensive chapters on the design and fabrication of electrocatalysts. A valuable resource aimed at multidisciplinary audiences in the fields of academia and industry.

Auteur
Thandavarayan Maiyalagan is currently an Associate Professor of the Department of Chemistry at SRM University, Kattankulathur, India. He received his Ph.D in Physical Chemistry from the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, and completed postdoctoral programs at Newcastle University (UK), Nanyang Technological University (Singapore) and at the University of Texas, Austin (USA). His main research interests concern new materials and their electrochemical properties for energy conversion and storage devices, electrocatalysts, fuel cells and biosensors. He has delivered various key lectures in many national and international forums. He has published over 80 articles on the innovative design of the materials for energy conversion and storage.

Viswanathan S. Saji received his Ph.D. (2003) degree from the University of Kerala, India and was a Research Associate at the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay (2004-2005) and the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore (2005-2007). Later, he moved to South Korea where he was a Postdoctoral Researcher at Yonsei University (2007-2008) and Sunchon National University (2009), Research Professor at Chosun University (2008-2009), Senior Research Scientist at Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (2009-2010) and Research Professor at Korea University (2010-2013). In 2014, he joined the University of Adelaide, where he was an Endeavour Research Fellow in the School of Chemical Engineering. Presently, he is working as an Executive Director to CIOSHI, Kerala, India.

Contenu

List of Contributors xvii

Preface xxiii

1 Principle of Low-temperature Fuel Cells Using an Ionic Membrane 1
Claude Lamy

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Thermodynamic Data and Theoretical Energy Efficiency under Equilibrium (j= 0) 2

1.3 Electrocatalysis and the Rate of Electrochemical Reactions 8

1.4 Influence of the Properties of the PEMFC Components (Electrode Catalyst Structure, Membrane Resistance, and Mass Transfer Limitations) on the Polarization Curves 16

1.5 Representative Examples of Low-temperature Fuel Cells 19

1.6 Conclusions and Outlook 30

Acknowledgments 31

References 31

2 Research Advancements in Low-temperature Fuel Cells 35
N. Rajalakshmi, R. Imran Jafri, and K.S. Dhathathreyan

2.1 Introduction 35

2.2 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells 38

2.3 Alkaline Fuel Cells 50

2.4 Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells 59

2.5 Regenerative Fuel Cells 62

2.6 Conclusions and Outlook 64

Acknowledgments 65

References 65

3 Electrocatalytic Reactions Involved in Low-temperature Fuel Cells 75
Claude Lamy

3.1 Introduction 75

3.2 Preparation and Characterization of Pt-based Plurimetallic Electrocatalysts 76

3.3 Mechanisms of the Electrocatalytic Reactions Involved in Lowtemperature Fuel Cells 90

3.4 Conclusions and Outlook 105

Acknowledgment 106

References 106

4 Direct Hydrocarbon Low-temperature Fuel Cell 113
Ayan Mukherjee and Suddhasatwa Basu

4.1 Introduction 113

4.2 Direct Methanol Fuel Cell 114

4.3 Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell 119

4.4 Direct Ethylene Glycol Fuel Cell 125

4.5 Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cell 129

4.6 Direct Glucose Fuel Cell 131

4.7 Commercialization Status of DHFC 132

4.8 Conclusions and Outlook 134

References 137

5 The Oscillatory Electrooxidation of Small Organic Molecules 145
Hamilton Varela, Marcelo V.F. Delmonde, and Alana A. Zülke

5.1 Introduction 145

5.2 In Situ and Online Approaches 147

5.3 The Effect of Temperature 152

5.4 Modified Surfaces 155

5.5 Conclusions and Outlook 157

Acknowledgments 157

References 158

6 Degradation Mechanism of Membrane Fuel Cells with Monoplatinum and Multicomponent Cathode Catalysts 165
Mikhail R. Tarasevich and Vera A. Bogdanovskaya

6.1 Introduction 165

6.2 Synthesis and Experimental Methods of Studying Catalytic Systems under Model Conditions 166

6.3 Characteristics of Commercial and Synthesized Catalysts 169

6.4 Methods of Testing Catalysts within FC MEAs 179

6.5 Mechanism of Degradation Phenomenon in MEAs with Commercial Pt/C Catalysts 181

6.6 Characteristics of MEAs with 40Pt/CNT-T-based Cathode 187

6.7 Characteristics of MEAs with 50PtCoCr/C-based Cathodes 188

6.8 Conclusions and Outlook 192

Acknowledgments 193

References 193

7 Recent Developments in Electrocatalysts and Hybrid Electrocatalyst Support Systems for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells 197
Surbhi Sharma

7.1 Introduction 197

7.2 Current State of Pt and Non-Pt Electrocatalysts Support Systems for PEFC 197

7.3 Novel Pt Electrocatalysts 199

7.4 Pt-based Electrocatalysts on Novel Carbon Supports 203

7.5 Pt-based Electrocatalysts on Novel Carbon-free Supports 207

7.6 Pt-free Metal Electrocatalysts 213

7.7 Influence of Support: ElectrocatalystSupport Interactions and Effect of Surface Functional Groups 214

7.8 Hybrid Catalyst Support Systems 218

7.9 Conclusions and Outlook 223

References 224 8 Role of Catalyst Supports: Graphene Based Novel Electrocatalysts 241
*Chunmei Zhang and Wei Chen&...