Electrical Stimulation Research Techniques

Methods in Psychological Physiology, Volume 3: Electrical Stimulation Research Techniques is a compilation of papers that focus on the different theories and techniques of electrical stimulation and its applications to psychology.
The first five chapters cover different kinds of electrical stimulation, their basic principles, and techniques involved. These include extracellular and intracellular stimulation, the microstimulation technique, and the stimulation of the brain. Chapters 6 to 9 discuss the beneficial effects and uses of these stimulation techniques, such as motivation and reinforcement, memory research, its relation to brain lesions, and the implications for electroconvulsive therapy. The last two chapters talk about the electrical stimulation of the peripheral nerve and the grid and peripheral shock stimulation.
The book is recommended for psychotherapists who wish to learn more about the use of electrical stimulation techniques as treatment, and for neurologists who would like to further understand the effects of electrical stimulation.

Contenu

Contributors
Foreword
Preface
Chapter 1 Extracellular Stimulation
I. Introduction
II. Basic Principles-The DC Case
III. Other Basic Principles
IV. Other Facts
Appendix I: Current Flow
Appendix II: Current Flow in the Brain
References
Chapter 2 Intracellular Stimulation
I. Introduction
II. Intracellular Stimulating and Recording with Separate Electrodes
III. A Simple Circuit for Intracellular Stimulation with Two Electrodes
IV. Intracellular Stimulation and Recording with a Single Electrode
V. Current-Monitoring Techniques
VI. Summary
References
Chapter 3 Microstimulation Technique
I. Introduction
II. Electrode
III. Stimulating Current
IV. Single versus Repetitive Stimulation
V. Stimulus Artifact
VI. Identification of Electrode Tracks
VII. Electrode Insertion
References
Chapter 4 Stimulation of the Brain via Metallic Electrodes
I. Introduction
II. The Metal-Tissue Interface
III. Preparatory Techniques
IV. Summary
Appendix: A Simple, Accurate, and Optoelectricaily Isolated Constant Current Stimulator
References
Chapter 5 Depth Stimulation of the Brain
I. Electrodes and Polarization
II. Physical Aspects of Brain Stimulation
III. Biological Aspects of Brain Stimulation
IV. Possibilities and Limitations of Brain Stimulation
V. Conclusions
References
Chapter 6 Subcortical Stimulation for Motivation and Reinforcement
I. Introduction
II. Electrodes
III. Connecting Cable and Slip Rings
IV. Atlases and Implantation Coordinates
V. Forms of Stimulation
VI. Stimulators
VII. Monitoring
VIII. Mode of Excitation
IX. Determining the Locus of the Electrode Tip
X. Determining Which Neural Systems are Excited
XI. Conclusions
References
Chapter 7 Electrical Stimulation as a Tool in Memory Research
I. Introduction
II. EBS as a Tool for the Study of Memory
III. Electrical Stimulation Parameters
IV. Research Strategies with EBS
References
Chapter 8 Brain Stimulation Effects Related to Those of Lesions
I. Introduction
II. The Effect of Electrode Implantation
III. The Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Tissue
IV. Behavioral Consequences of Punctures, Electrode Implantation, and Stimulation
V. Summary
References
Chapter 9 Electroconvulsive Therapy-Who Needs It?
I. Introduction
II. A Brief History of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
III. Does ECT Work?
IV. Do the Positive Benefits Outweigh the Adverse Effects?
V. The Heuristic Contributions of ECT Research
VI. The Future of Electroconvulsive Therapy
References
Chapter 10 Electrical Stimulation of Peripheral Nerve
I. Introduction
II. General Principles of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
III. Electrodes
IV. Stimulus Intensity
V. Selective Activation
VI. Concluding Comments
References
Chapter 11 Grid and Peripheral Shock Stimulation
I. Introduction
II. Apparatus for Delivering the Shock to the Subject
III. Additional Equipment Required for Grid-Floor Shock
IV. Electrical Properties of the Animal
V. Classification of Shock Sources by General Properties
VI. Practical AC Source Designs
VII. Sources that Minimize the Variability of Grid-Floor Shock
VIII. Translating between Different Sources and Situations: Equal Aversion Functions
IX. The Usable Range of Aversive Shock Intensities
X. An Outline of Basic Techniques for the Measurement and Control of Electric Shock Motivation
References
Index