Effects of Punishment on Human Behavior

The Effects of Punishment on Human Behavior is a collection of essays that discusses the procedural and ethical issues of the use of electric shock as a treatment for severe behavior problems. The book presents the different types of extraneous aversives and undesirable side effects of punishment. It demonstrates the effectiveness of punishment procedures.

The text describes the various aspects of punishment, as applied to human beings. It discusses the ethical and legal issues that challenge the use of punishment. Another topic of interest is the salient characteristics and influences affecting the success of overcorrection. The section that follows describes the types of punishment. The text also provides a conceptual and methodological analysis of a technique called "timeout.

The book will provide valuable insights for psychologists, teachers, students, and researchers in the field of behavioral science.

Contenu

Contributors
Preface
1 Introduction
2 Punishment: From the Animal Laboratory to the Applied Setting
Definitions of Punishment
Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Punishment
Types of Punishment
Punishment-Pros and Cons
Future Directions
References
3 Are Social Reprimands Effective?
Definition
Normative Data on the Use of Punishment
Can Reprimands Be Effective?
Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Reprimands
Reprimands Compared with Other Procedures
Future Directions
References
4 Punishment via Response Cost
Laboratory Analyses
Applications Using Token Reinforcers or Money
Noneconomic Response Cost
Potential and Actual Pitfalls
Advantages and Limitations
Summary
References
5 A Review of Timeout: A Conceptual and Methodological Analysis
Types of TO
Origins of TO
TO versus Other Procedures
Conceptual System
Absolute Effectiveness and Applicability of TO
Comparisons with Other Techniques
Parameters Influencing the Effectiveness of TO
Side Effects
Duration of Effect
Generality of Effect
Legal and Ethical Considerations
Summary
References
6 0vercorrection: A Review and Analysis
Background
Overcorrection Rationale
Characteristics of Overcorrection
Verbal Instructions and Graduated Guidance
Specific Types of Overcorrection Consequences
Behaviors Treated
Side Effects of Overcorrection
Comparison with Other Techniques
Advantages and Disadvantages of Overcorrection
Misconceptions about Positive Practice Procedures
Procedures Mislabeled as Overcorrection
Conceptual Issues
Conclusions and Recommendations
References
7 Contingent Electric Shock as a Treatment for Severe Behavior Problems
Procedural and Ethical Issues
Effects of Shock Treatment
Side Effects of Shock Treatment
Generalization
Maintenance
Concluding Comment
References
8 Extraneous Aversives
Aversive Sounds
Aversive Smells
Aversive Tastes
Removal or Distortion of Visual Stimuli
Novel Aversive Physical Sensations
Summary
References
9 Side Effects of Punishment
Categorizing the Effects of Punishment
Undesirable Side Effects
Desirable Side Effects
Directions for Future Research
References
10 The Administrative Issues: An Ethical and Legal Perspective
The Ethical Considerations
The Legal Rationale
Due Process Consideration
Conclusion
References
Author Index
Subject Index