Dynamic Process Methodology in the Social and Developmental Sciences

Dynamic Process Methodology in the Social and Developmental Sciences

Edited by Jaan Valsiner, Peter C.M. Molenaar, Maria C.D.P. Lyra, and Nandita Chaudhary

Reality is dynamic: filled with variables and constantly in flux. So are the physical, psychological, and social processes that make up our lives-so much so, assert the contributors to Dynamic Process Methodology in the Social and Developmental Sciences, that phenomena science often dismisses as "anecdotal" evidence are in fact the valuable record of highly individual dynamic systems.

Informed by dynamic systems theory and the rich history of person-centered therapy, the editors argue that the current emphasis on phenomena as data eliminates unique human context in the name of statistical accuracy, and propose instead an idiopathic re-reading of the social sciences. An international panel of researchers provides historical bases for the study of dynamic phenomena as well as a variety of pertinent applications from daycare centers to political parties, answering bedrock questions about idiographic research (e.g., what constitutes sampling?), and offering scientifically valid methods for extracting evidence from individual cases. Among the topics covered:

• Systemic knowledge use in medicine and psychology.

• The ethnography of everyday life.

• Life histories as sources for knowledge.

• Qualitative modeling of intra-individual change.

• Social dynamics in complex family contexts.

• Dynamic methodology in infancy research.

With its balance of quantitative and qualitative approaches, Dynamic Process Methodology in the Social and Developmental Sciences consolidates a growing, innovative knowledge base particularly suited to the current state of socialscience, and stands as a forward-looking reference for psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, and educators.

Auteur

Jaan Valsiner, Ph.D., is Professor of Psychology at Clark University, where he has taught since 1997. He was awarded the Alexander von Humboldt Research Prize in Germany in 1995 and is actively involved in FQS: Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung. His general interests are in the cultural organization of mental and affective processes in human development across the life span. He is also interested in psychology's history as a resource of ideas for contemporary advancement of the discipline, and in theoretical models of human development. Currently his specific research directions include the study of young adults' self as an autodialogic process. He is the editor of Culture and Psychology, Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, and From Past to Future. He is also the founding editor of International Journal of Idiographic Science.

Peter Molenaar, Ph.D., is Professor of Human Development at the Pennsylvania State University, where he has taught since 2005. Prior to that, he was Professor of Psychological Methodology, Mathematical Psychology and Psychometrics at the University of Amsterdam. His main interest is in the application of mathematical theories to solve substantive psychological issues.

Maria C.D.P. Lyra, Ph.D., is Associate Professor of Psychology at Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. She received her doctoral degree in developmental psychology from the University of Sao Paulo in 1988. Her areas of research include developmental models of mother-infant communication, emergence of self in infancy, variability in mother-infant communication, and methodological issues in the study of human development.

Nandita Chaudhary, Ph.D. is a Reader in the Department of Child Development, Lady Irwin College, at the University of Delhi. Over the past 20 years, she has been involved with research, teaching, and administration in the area of child and family studies in India. In 1993, shewas placed as a Fulbright Scholar in the Department of Psychology at Clark University. She is an active member of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, the International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development, the All-India Women's Educational Fund Association, and the Indian Association for Preschool Education.

Résumé

All psychological processeslike biological and social onesare dynamic. Phenomena of nature, society, and the human psyche are context bound, constantly changing, and variable. This feature of reality is often not recognized in the social sciences where we operate with averaged data and with homogeneous stereotypes, and consider our consistency to be the cornerstone of rational being. Yet we are all inconsistent in our actions within a day, or from, one day to the next, and much of such inconsistency is of positive value for our survival and development. Our inconsistent behaviors and thoughts may appear chaotic, yet there is generality within this highly variable dynamic.

The task of scientific methodologiesqualitative and quantitativeis to find out what that generality is. It is the aim of this handbook to bring into one framework various directions of construction of methodology of the dynamic processes that exist in the social sciences at the beginning of the 21st century. This handbook is set up to bring together pertinent methodological scholarship from all over the world, and equally from the quantitative and qualitative orientations to methodology. In addition to consolidating the pertinent knowledge base for the purposes of its further growth, this book serves the major educational role of bringing practitionersstudents, researchers, and professionals interested in applicationsthe state of the art know-how about how to think about extracting evidence from single cases, and about the formal mathematical-statistical tools to use for these purposes.

Contenu

The Unbearable Dynamicity of Psychological Processes: Highlights of the Psychodynamic Theories.- Reviving Person-Centered Inquiry in Psychology: Why it's Erstwhile Dormancy?.- How Methodology Became a Toolbox-And How it Escapes from that Box.- The Two Disciplines of Scientific Psychology, or: The Disunity of Psychology as a Working Hypothesis.- The Experimental Methodology of Constructive Microgenesis.- The Schema Approach: A Dynamic View on Remembering.- Against Reification! Praxeological Methodology and its Benefits.- Grasping the Dynamic Nature of Intersubjectivity.- Idiographic Data Analysis: Quantitative Methods-From Simple to Advanced.- Depicting the Dynamics of Living the Life: The Trajectory Equifinality Model.- Analysis of Intensive Categorical Longitudinal Data.- Advances in Dynamic Factor Analysis of Psychological Processes.- Hidden Markov Models for Individual Time Series.- Multilevel Simultaneous Component Analysis for Studying Intra-Individual Variability and Inter-Individual Differences.- Idiographic Microgenesis: Re-Visiting the Experimental Tradition of Aktualgenese.- Dynamic Methods for Research in Education.- Social Dynamics in Complex Family Contexts and its Study.- Dynamics of Life-Course Transitions: A Methodological Reflection.- Dynamic Methodology in Infancy Research.- Dynamics of Psychotherapy Processes.- Dramatic Life Courses: Migrants in the Making.- Innovative Moments and Change Processes in Psychotherapy: An Exercise in New Methodology.- Techno Parties, Soccer Riots, and Breakdance: Actionistic Orientations as a Principle of Adolescence.- Dynamic Processes and the Anthropology of Emotions in the Life Course and Aging: Late-Life Love Sentiments and Household Dynamics in Tuareg Psycho-Biographies.- Synthetic Phenomena and DynamicMethodologies.- Developmental Science: Integrating Knowledge About Dynamic Processes in Human Development.- Cognitive and Interactive Patterning: Processes of Creating Meaning.