DNA Methods in Food Safety

Molecular typing of foodborne pathogens has become an indispensable tool in epidemiological studies. Thanks to these techniques, we now have a better understanding of the distribution and appearance of bacterial foodborne diseases and have a deeper knowledge of the type of food products associated with the major foodborne pathogens. Within the molecular techniques, DNA-based techniques have prospered for more than 40 years and have been incorporated in the first surveillance systems to monitor bacterial foodborne pathogens in the United States and other countries. However, DNA techniques vary widely and many microbiology laboratory personnel working with food and/or water face the dilemma of which method to incorporate. DNA Methods in Food Safety: Molecular Typing of Foodborne and Waterborne Bacterial Pathogens succinctly reviews more than 25 years of data on a variety of DNA typing techniques, summarizing the different mathematical models for analysis and interpretation of results, and detailing their efficacy in typing different foodborne and waterborne bacterial pathogens, such as Campylobacter, Clostridium perfringens, Listeria, Salmonella, among others. Section I describes the different DNA techniques used in the typing of bacterial foodborne pathogens, whilst Section II deals with the application of these techniques to type the most important bacterial foodborne pathogens. In Section II the emphasis is placed on the pathogen, and each chapter describes some of the most appropriate techniques for typing each bacterial pathogen. The techniques presented in this book are the most significant in the study of the molecular epidemiology of bacterial foodborne pathogens to date. It therefore provides a unique reference for students and professionals in the field of microbiology, food and water safety and epidemiology and molecular epidemiology.

Auteur

Dr Omar A. Oyarzabal is Vice President of Technical Services at IEH Laboratories and Consulting Group, Seattle, WA

Dr Sophia Kathariou is Professor of Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences at the Department of Food, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA

Contenu

List of Contributors vii

Preface xiii

Section I Typing Method, Analysis, and Applications 1

1 Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Subtyping Methods 3

Yi Chen and Insook Son

2 Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and the Molecular
Epidemiology of Foodborne Pathogens 27

Mohana Ray and David C. Schwartz

3 Multilocus Sequence Typing: An Adaptable Tool for
Understanding the Global Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens
47

Stephen J. Knabel

4 High-Throughput Sequencing 65

Xiangyu Deng, Lee S. Katz, Patricia I. Fields, and Wei
Zhang

5 Analysis of Typing Results 85

João André Carriço and Mário Ramirez

6 Databases and Internet Applications 113

G. Gopinath, K. Hari, R. Jain, M. H. Kothary, K. G. Jarvis, A.
A. Franco, C. J. Grim, V. Sathyamoorthy, M. K. Mammel, A. R. Datta,
B. A. McCardell, M. D. Solomotis, and Ben D. Tall

7 The Transformation of Disease Surveillance, Outbreak
Detection, and Regulatory Response by Molecular Epidemiology
133

David A. Sweat

Section II Pathogens 163

8 The Genus Bacillus 165

Monika Ehling-Schulz and Ute Messelhäusser

9 Molecular Typing of Campylobacter jejuni 185

Catherine D. Carrillo and Omar A. Oyarzabal

10 DNA Typing Methods for Members of the Cronobacter Genus
205

Susan Joseph and Stephen Forsythe

11 Molecular Subtyping Approaches for Pathogenic Clostridium
spp. Isolated from Foods 249

Brian H. Raphael, Deborah F. Talkington, Carolina Lúquez,
and Susan E. Maslanka

12 Molecular Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing
Escherichia coli 275

Pallavi Singh and Shannon D. Manning

13 Molecular Subtyping Methods for Listeria monocytogenes: Tools
for Tracking and Control 303

Sara Lomonaco and Daniele Nucera

14 Salmonella 337

Aaron M. Lynne, Jing Han, and Steven L. Foley

15 Vibrio cholerae 359

Dong Wook Kim

Index 381