Distribution and Biological Role

The Amino Sugars: The Chemistry and Biology of Compounds Containing Amino Sugars, Volume IIA: Distribution and Biological Role focuses on the chemistry, physical chemistry, and biochemistry of naturally occurring and synthetically prepared amino sugars and amino sugar-containing molecules, as well as the biological and medical importance of these molecules.
The selection first offers information on the distribution of amino sugars in microorganisms, plants, and invertebrates and amino sugars and macromolecules containing amino sugars in liver. Discussions focus on microorganisms, invertebrates, amino sugar composition, catabolism of amino sugars, and metabolic interrelationships between amino sugars and other sugars. The text then takes a look at amino sugars and macromolecules containing amino sugars in kidney and amino sugar-containing compounds in urine.
The publication takes a look at glycoproteins in salivary glands, saliva, and sputum; glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins in skin; and amino sugar-containing compounds in tumors. The text also evaluates glycosaminoglycans in umbilical cord and glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins in synovial fluid.
The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in the study of amino sugars.

Contenu

List Of Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
A Guide To The Nomenclature
Contents Of Other Volumes
Chapter 18 Distribution Of Amino Sugars In Microorganisms, Plants, And Invertebrates
I. Microorganisms
A. Viruses
B. Bacteria
C. Actinomycetes
D. Myxobacteria
E. Fungi
II. Algae And Higher Plants
III. Invertebrates
A. Protozoa.
B. Mollusks
C. Worms
D. Arthropods
IV. Miscellaneous Sources
Addendum
Chapter 19 Amino Sugars And Macromolecules Containing Amino Sugars In Liver
I. Amino Sugar Composition
A. Hexosamines
B. Sialic Acids
C. Amino Sugar-Containing Nucleotides
II. Enzymes Involved In Amino Sugar Metabolism
A. Hexosamine Metabolism
B. Sialic Acid Metabolism
III. Catabolism Of Amino Sugars
IV. Metabolic Interrelationships Between Amino Sugars And Other Sugars
A. Competition Of Amino Sugars And Glucose For Liver Hexokinase
B. Conversion Of Glucose To Glucosamine
C. Utilization Of Glucosamine And Its Conversion To Other Sugars
V. Glycosaminoglycans
A. Heparin
B. Heparan Sulfate
C. Biosynthesis
VI. Liver As The Site Of Synthesis Of Plasma Glycoproteins
VII. Glycolipids
VIII. Glycosidases
IX. Pathological Conditions Involving Amino Sugar-Containing Compounds
A. Amyloidosis
B. Hurler's Syndrome (Gargoylism)
C. Hepatic Fibrosis
D. Tay-Sachs Disease (Juvenile Amaurotic Idiocy)
E. Cystic Fibrosis
Addendum
Chapter 20 Amino Sugars And Macromolecules Containing Amino Sugars In Kidney
I. Amino Sugar Composition
A. Hexosamines
B. Sialic Acids
C. Amino Sugar-Containing Nucleotides
II. Enzymes Involved In Amino Sugar Metabolism
A. Hexosamine Metabolism
B. Sialic Acid Metabolism
III. Catabolism Of Amino Sugars
IV. Amino Sugar Metabolism In Vivo
V. Glycosaminoglycans
VI. Glycoproteins
VII. Glycolipids
VIII. Glycosidases
IX. Connective-Tissue Elements That Contain Glycoproteins: Reticulin And Basement Membrane
X. Pathological Conditions Affecting Amino Sugar-Containing Compounds
A. Amyloidosis
B. Hurler's Syndrome (Gargoylism)
C. Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis (Kimmelstiel-Wilson Disease)
Addendum
Chapter 21 Amino Sugar-Containing Compounds In Urine
I. Total Amino Sugar Excretion Rates
II. Source Of Urinary Amino Sugars
III. Amino Sugar-Containing Compounds In Urine
A. Free Amino Sugars
B. Dialyzable Amino Sugar-Containing Compounds
C. Nondialyzable Amino Sugar-Containing Compounds
Addendum
Chapter 22 Amino Sugar-Containing Compounds In Mucuses And In Mucous Membranes
I. General Characteristics
II. Mucuses
A. Female Genital Tract
B. Intestinal Tract
C. Respiratory Tract
D. Urinary Tract
III. Mucous Membranes
A. Intestinal Tract
B. Bronchial Mucosa
C. Ovarian Tubes
Addendum
Chapter 23 Glycoproteins In Salivary Glands, Saliva, And Sputum
I. Salivary Glands
II. Saliva
III. Biological Role Of Salivary-Gland Glycoproteins
IV. Sputum
Addendum
Chapter 24 Glycosaminoglycans And Glycoproteins In Skin
I. Early Investigations
II. Spreading Factor And Hyaluronidase
III. Isolation And Characterization
A. Glycosaminoglycans
B. Glycoproteins
IV. Localization
V. Concentrations Of Hexosamine And Glycosaminoglycans In Normal Skin
VI. Variations With Age And Sex
VII. Effects Of Hormones
A. Gonadal Hormones
B. Thyroid Hormone
C. Adrenocortical Hormones
D. Pituitary Hormones
VIII. Response To Injury
A. Excision
B. Experimental Granulation Tissue
C. Chemical Injury
D. Immune Injury
IX. Primary Diseases Of The Skin
X. General Metabolic Diseases
XI. Effects Of Vitamins.
A. Ascorbic Acid
B. Other Vitamins
XII. The Subcutaneous Connective Tissue
Addendum
Chapter 25 Amino Sugar-Containing Compounds In Tumors
I. Chemical Data
A. Glucosaminoglycans
B. Galactosaminoglycans
C. Glycoproteins And Other Conjugated Compounds
II. Histochemical Observations
A. Materials Localized In Or Secreted By The Tumor Cells
B. Materials Mainly Localized In The Stromal Cells And Extracellular Compartment Of Tumors
Addendum
Chapter 20 Amino Sugar-Containing Compounds In Pathological Effusions
Text
Chapter 27 Glycosaminoglycans In Mast Cells And In Mast-Cell Tumors
I. Mast Cells
A. Connective-Tissue Mast Cells
B. Basophil Leukocytes
II. Mast-Cell Tumors
III. Physiological Aspects Of Mast-Cell Polysaccharides
A. Synthesis And Storage
B. Liberation Of Polysaccharides
Chapter 28 Glycosaminoglycans In Umbilical Cord
I. Human Umbilical Cord
II. Animal Umbilical Cord
III. Glycosaminoglycans And The Structure And Function Of The Umbilical Cord
Chapter 29 Glycosaminoglycans And Glycoproteins In Synovial Fluid Lars Sundblad
I. Hyaluronic Acid In Synovial Fluid
A. Concentration Of Hyaluronic Acid
B. Physical Properties Of Hyaluronic Acid
C. Nature And Significance Of Hyaluronic Acid Changes In Joint Disease
II. Glycoproteins In Synovial Fluid
A. Normal Synovial Fluid
B. Pathological Synovial Fluid
Addendum
Chapter 30 Glycosaminoglycans In The Connective Tissue Of The Electric Organ
I. Structure And Composition Of The Connective Tissue Of The Electric Organ
II. Possible Physiological Role Of Glycosaminoglycans In The Electric Organ
Chapter 31 Amino Sugar-Containing Compounds In Cartilage, Tendon, And Intervertébral Disc
I. Cartilage
A. Kinds Of Cartilage
B. Cartilage Components Containing Hexosamine
C. Metabolism In Cartilage
D. Effects Of Hormones, Vitamins, And Enzymes
E. Aging And Osteoarthritis
F. Pathological Conditions In Cartilage
II. Tendon
Addendum:
I. Cartilage
A. Kinds Of Cartilage
B. Cartilage Components Containing Hexosamine
C. Metabolism In Cartilage
D. Effects Of Hormones, Vitamins, And Enzymes
E. Aging And Osteoarthritis
F. Pathology
II. Tendon
Chapter 32 The Amino Sugar-Containing Compounds In Bones And Teeth
I. Bones
A. Glycosaminoglycans
B. Glycoproteins
C. Amino Sugar-Containing Macromolecules In Bone Development And Regeneration
D. Effects Of Hormones, Vitamins, And Minerals On Amino Sugar-Containing Macromolecules
E. Chondroitin Sulfate And The Process Of Calcification
II. Teeth
A. The Developing Tooth
B. Enamel
C. Dentine
D. Cement, Periodontium, And Pulp
E. Pathological Conditions
III. Gingiva
Chapter 33…