Bioenergetics 2

Bioenergetics 2 aims to clarify topics such as the thermodynamics of bioenergetic processes and the stoichiometries of energy coupling reactions. The book discusses chemiosmotic energy transduction; ion transport across energy-conserving membranes; and quantitative bioenergenetics as the measurement of driving forces. The text also describes the chemiosmotic proton circuit; the respiratory chain; the photosynthetic generators of protonmotive force; and the ATP synthase. The secondary transport of products across the membrane, as well as the structures of the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center and bacteriorhodopsin are also considered. Biochemists will find the book invaluable.

Contenu

Contents

Preface

Note To The Reader

Glossary

1. Chemiosmotic Energy Transduction

   1.1 Introduction

   1.2 The Chemiosmotic Theory

   1.3 The Morphology of Energy-Transducing Organelles

   1.4 A Brief Historical Background

   1.5 Mitchell's Postulates

   1.6 Concluding Remarks

2. Ion Transport Across Energy-Conserving Membranes

   2.1 Introduction

   2.2 The Categorization of Ion Transport

   2.3 Bilayer-Mediated Transport

   2.4 Protein-Catalyzed Transport

   2.5 The Co-Ordinate Movement of Ions Across Membranes

3. Quantitative Bioenergetics: The Measurement of Driving Forces

   3.1 Introduction

   3.2 Gibbs Energy and Displacement From Equilibrium

   3.3 Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Potentials

   3.4 Ion Electrochemical Potential Differences

   3.5 Photons

   3.6 Bioenergetic Interconversions and their Stoichiometries

   3.7 Equilibrium Distributions of Ions, Weak Acids and Weak Bases

   3.8 Diffusion Potentials, Donnan Potentials and Surface Potentials

4. The Chemiosmotic Proton Circuit

   4.1 Introduction

   4.2 The Measurement of Protonmotive Force

   4.3 The Stoichiometry of Proton Extrusion by the Respiratory Chain

   4.4 Experimental Determination of H+/O Ratios

   4.5 The Stoichiometry of Proton Uptake by the ATP Synthase

   4.6 Proton Current, Proton Conductance and Respiratory Control

   4.7 Proton Conductance

   4.8 The Mitochondrial Respiration Rate Can Be Controlled by Several Factors

   4.9 Controversies

   4.10 Overall Parameters of Energy Transduction (P/O Ratios)

   4.11 Reversed Electron Transfer and The Proton Circuit Driven by ATP Hydrolysis

   4.12 ATP Synthesis Driven by an Artificial Protonmotive Force

   4.13 Kinetic Competence of The Protonmotive Force To Serve As The Energy-Transducing Intermediate

5 Respiratory Chains

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Components of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain

5.3 The Sequence of Redox Carriers in the Respiratory Chain

5.4 The Mechanism of Electron Transfer

5.5 Proton Translocation by the Respiratory Chain; 'Loops' Or 'Conformational Pumps'?

5.6 Complex I (NADH-UQ Oxidoreductase)

5.7 Complex II (Succinate Dehydrogenase); Electron-Transferring Flavoprotein and A-Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase

5.8 Ubiquinone and Complex III (Bc1 Complex Or UQ-Cyt c Oxidoreductase)

5.9 Cytochrome c and Complex IV (Cytochrome c Oxidase; Ferrocytochrome: O2 Oxidoreductase)

5.10 Mitochondrial Electron Transport and Disease

5.11 The Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase

5.12 Electron Transport in Mitochondria of Non-Mammalian Cells

5.13 Bacterial Respiratory Chains

6 Photosynthetic Generators of Protonmotive Force

6.1 Introduction

6.2 The Light Reaction of Bacterial Photosynthesis

6.3 The Generation by Illumination Or Respiration of p In Purple Bacteria

6.4 The Electron-Transfer and Light-Capture Pathway in Green Plants and Algae

6.5 Bacteriorhodopsin and the Purple Membrane of Halobacteria

7 The ATP Synthase

7.1 Introduction

7.2 F1 and F0

7.3 The Subunits of the F1. F0-ATPase (Or ATPase)

7.4 The Structure of F0

7.5 The Structure of F1

7.6 The Mechanism of ATP Synthesis

7.7 Non-Thermodynamic Regulation of The ATP Synthase

8 Secondary Transport

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Mitochondrial Monovalent Cation Carriers

8.3 Mitochondrial Ca2+ Transport

8.4 Mitochondrial Metabolite (Anion) Carriers

8.5 Bacterial Transport

8.6 Transport (Movement) of Bacterial Cells

8.7 Transport of Macromolecules Across Membranes

9 Endpiece

Connections To Membranes In General

References

Index