Current Interruption Transients Calculation

Provides an original, detailed, and practical description of current interruption transients, origins, and the circuits involved, and shows how they can be calculated

Based on a course that has been presented by the author worldwide, this book teaches readers all about interruption transients calculation--showing how they can be calculated using only a hand calculator and Excel. It covers all the current interruption cases that occur on a power system and relates oscillatory circuit (transients) and symmetrical component theory to the practical calculation of current interruption transients as applied to circuit breaker application. The book explains all cases first in theory, and then illustrates them with practical examples.

Topics featured in Current Interruption Transients Calculation, Second Edition include: RLC Circuits; Pole Factor Calculation; Terminal Faults; Short Line Faults; Inductive Load Switching; and Capacitive Load Switching. The book also features numerous appendices that cover: Differential Equations; Principle of Duality; Useful Formulae; Euler's Formula; Asymmetrical Current-Calculating Areas Under Curves; Shunt Reactor Switching; and Generator Circuit Breaker TRVs.

• Offers a clear explanation of how to calculate transients without the use of specialist software, showing how four basic circuits can represent all transients

• Describes every possible current interruption case that can arise on a power system, explaining them through theory and practical examples

• Analyses oscillatory circuit (transients) and symmetrical component theory in detail

• Takes a practical approach to the subject so engineers can use the knowledge in circuit breaker applications

Current Interruption Transients Calculation, Second Edition is an ideal book for power electrical engineers, as well as transmission and distribution staff in the areas of planning and system studies, switchgear application, specification and testing, and commissioning and system operation.

Auteur

DAVID F. PEELO is a former Specialist Engineer at BC Hydro and is now an Independent Consultant who teaches advanced courses on surge arrester application, switchgear application and switching in high voltage networks to clients all over the world. He is an IEEE PES Distinguished Lecturer, a CIGRE Distinguished Member and an IEC 1906 Award recipient.

Texte du rabat
PROVIDES AN ORIGINAL, DETAILED, AND PRACTICAL DESCRIPTION OF CURRENT INTERRUPTION TRANSIENTS, ORIGINS, AND THE CIRCUITS INVOLVED, AND SHOWS HOW THEY CAN BE CALCULATED Based on a course that has been presented by the author worldwide, this book teaches readers all about interruption transients calculationshowing how they can be calculated using only a hand calculator and Excel. It covers all the current interruption cases that occur on a power system and relates oscillatory circuit (transients) and symmetrical component theory to the practical calculation of current interruption transients as applied to circuit breaker application. The book explains all cases first in theory, and then illustrates them with practical examples. Topics featured in??Current Interruption Transients Calculation, Second Edition include: RLC Circuits; Pole Factor Calculation; Terminal Faults; Short Line Faults; Inductive Load Switching; and Capacitive Load Switching. The book also features numerous appendices that cover: Differential Equations; Principle of Duality; Useful Formulae; Euler's Formula; Asymmetrical Current-Calculating Areas Under Curves; Shunt Reactor Switching; and Generator Circuit Breaker TRVs.

• Offers a clear explanation of how to calculate transients without the use of specialist software, showing how four basic circuits can represent all transients
• Describes every possible current interruption case that can arise on a power system, explaining them through theory and practical examples
• Analyses oscillatory circuit (transients) and symmetrical component theory in detail
• Takes a practical approach to the subject so engineers can use the knowledge in circuit breaker applications Current Interruption Transients Calculation, Second Edition??is an ideal book for power electrical engineers, as well as transmission and distribution staff in the areas of planning and system studies, switchgear application, specification and testing, and commissioning and system operation.

Contenu
Preface to the Second Edition ix

Preface to First Edition xi

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Short-Circuit Rating Basis for High-Voltage Circuit Breakers 2

1.3 Current Interruption Terminology 4

Further Reading 7

2 RLC Circuits 9

2.1 General 9

2.2 Series RLC Circuit with Step Voltage Injection 9

2.3 Source-Free Series RLC Circuit with Precharged Capacitor 15

2.4 Source-Free Parallel RLC Circuit with Precharged Capacitor 18

2.5 Parallel RLC Circuit with Ramp Current Injection 21

2.6 Alternative Equations 27

2.7 Traveling Wave Basics 28

2.8 Summary 34

References 34

Further Reading 34

3 Pole Factor Calculation 35

3.1 General 35

3.2 Pole Factors: Effectively Earthed Systems 44

3.3 Pole Factors: Non-Effectively Earthed Systems 52

3.4 Alternative Pole Factor Calculation Method 56

3.5 Three-Phase Test Circuit Arrangement 59

3.6 Summary 60

Further Reading 61

4 Terminal Faults 63

4.1 General Considerations 63

4.2 Standard TRV Derivation 65

4.3 Effect of Added Capacitance 73

4.4 Effect of Added Resistance 85

4.5 Effect of Series Reactors 88

4.6 Out-of-Phase Switching 96

4.7 Asymmetrical Currents 97

4.8 Double Earth Faults 105

4.9 Summary 108

Further Reading 109

5 Short Line Faults 111

5.1 General 111

5.2 Line Side Voltage Calculation 111

5.3 Effect of Added Capacitance 119

5.4 Discussion 122

Further Reading 123

6 Inductive Load Switching 125

6.1 General 125

6.2 General Shunt Reactor Switching Case 128

6.3 Shunt Reactors with Isolated Neutrals 135

6.4 Shunt Reactors with Neutral Reactor Earthed Neutrals 139

6.5 Shunt Reactors with Earthed Neutrals 140

6.6 Reignitions 141

6.7 Unloaded Transformer Switching 142

6.8 Discussion 143

6.9 Summary 143

Further Reading 146

7 Capacitive Load Switching 147

7.1 General 147

7.2 Shunt Capacitor Banks 147

7.2.1 Energization 147

7.2.1.1 Inrush Current 148

7.2.1.2 Limiting Inrush Current 154

7.2.2 De-Energization 156

7.2.2.1 General Considerations 156

7.2.2.2 Recovery Voltages 156

7.2.2.3 Reignitions and Restrikes 157

7.2.3 Outrush 163

7.3 Transmission Lines 164

7.4 Cables 167

7.5 Special Case: Interrupting Small Capacitance Currents 170

7.6 Summary 173

References 174

Further Reading 174

8 Circuit Breaker Type Testing 175

8.1 Introduction 175

8.2 Circuit Breaker Interrupting Time 175

8.3 Inherent Transient Recovery Voltages 182

8.4 Inductive Load Switching 182

8.5 Capacitive Current Switching 183

Further Reading 183

Appendix A: Differential Equations 185

Appendix B: Principle of Duality 195

Appendix C: Useful Formulae 201

Appendix D: Euler's Formula 205

Appendix E: Asymmetrical Current-Calculating Areas Under Curves 209

Appendix F: Shunt Reactor Switching First-Pole-to-Clear Circuit Representation 213

Appendix G: Special Case: Generator Circuit Breakers TRVs 219

Appendix H: Evolution of Transient Recovery Voltages 239

Appendix I: Equation Plotting Using Excel 261

Index 277