Wood as an Energy Resource

Wood as an Energy Resource analyzes how wood is seen as a possible source of alternative energy and evaluates the extent of its use. The book covers the trends of wood as fuel in different countries, including its current use, value as fuel, comparison with other fuels, supply, delivery, and transportation. Wood conversion to other forms of fuel and the deployment of advanced wood combustion and conversion systems are also discussed. The text also explains wood resource bases and supplies, as well as the future of wood as fuel.
The monograph is highly recommended for experts and researchers in energy conservation as well as renewable and alternative energy sources, especially for those who want to make studies regarding this topic. The book will also be helpful for advocates and environmentalists who want to be educated and educate others about wood as source of energy and fuel.

Auteur

David A. Tillman, PhD, has over 40 years of experience in all phases of the energy industry having worked at the plant level for DTE Energy as plant production specialist-fuels and combustion for Monroe Power Plant, at the power plant design level for Foster Wheeler as Chief Fuels and Combustion Engineer, and at the policy level as Vice President of Materials Associates. He also served as senior project manager for Ebasco Environmental, dealing with solid fuel projects. He retired from Foster Wheeler and now serves as an independent consultant. He has authored and/or edited some 20 books and over 200 papers and book chapters on the subjects of solid fossil and biomass fuels.

Contenu

Preface
1 A History of Trends Associated with Wood Fuel Utilization
I Introduction
II Early Use of Fuel Wood in Asia Minor and Europe
III Wood as a Fuel in the United States
A The United States in 1800
B The U.S. Economy, 1800-1850
C The Period of Transition, 1850-1870
D The Period of Industrial Development, 1870-1920
E The Period of Advanced Industrialization, 1920-1960
IV International Use of Fuel Wood in the Twentieth Century
V The Forces of History
References
2 The Present Use of Wood as a Fuel
I Introduction
II Utilization of Wood Fuels in 1976
A The Forest Products Industries
B Other Industrial Users of Wood Fuels
C Residential Fuel Wood Utilization
D Aggregate 1976 Wood Fuels Consumption
III Analysis of Current U.S. Utilization Patterns
A Recent Trends Underlying U.S. Wood Fuel Utilization
B A Comparison between the Use of Wood and Other Fuels in the U.S.
IV The Present Use of Wood in Other Countries
V Implications for the Future of Wood Fuels in the U.S.
References
3 The Value of Wood as a Fuel
I Introduction
II Wood as a Combustible Fuel
A Wood Composition and Heating Value
B A Comparison of the Heating Value of Wood to Other Combustible Fuels
III Other Elements and Compounds
A Potential Pollutants Analysis
B Moisture Analysis
IV Conclusion: Total Comparative Fuels Discussion
References
4 The Supply and Delivery of Wood Fuels
I Introduction
II Extraction of Wood for Fuel
III The Transportation of Wood Fuel
IV Wood Combustion Systems
A Basic Combustion System Descriptions
B Combustion Efficiency of Wood Fuels
V Conversion of Wood to Alternative Fuel Forms
A Pyrolysis
B Gasification
C Liquefaction
D Comparative Conversion Efficiencies
VI Overall Supply-Delivery Efficiency
The Application of Trajectory Analysis
VII Conclusions
References
5 The Deployment of Advanced Wood Combustion and Conversion Systems
I Introduction
II Co-Combustion and Co-Conversion
A Wood Plus Coal Systems
B Wood Plus Waste Systems
III Co-Generation Systems
A U.S. and European Co-Generation Practices
B The Potential for Co-Generation with Wood Fuels
C Systems Available for Co-Generation
D The Deployment of Co-Generation Systems
IV The Impact of Advanced Deployment Systems
References
6 The Resource Base for Wood Fuel
I Introduction
A Traditional Fuel Resource Analysis
B Resource and Reserve Analysis Applied to Wood Fuel
C Calculating Fuel Wood Reserves
II The Present Wood Resource Base
III The Demands Projected for the Forest Resource Base
A The Demand for Harvested Wood
B Other Demands for the Forest Resource
IV Resource Renewability: Increasing Tree Production through More Intensive Forestry
A Site Clearing and Immediate Reforestation
B Conversion of Stands to Faster Growing Species
C Site Drainage
D Fertilization
E Thinning
F Protection of Existing Stands
G Combined Impacts
V Conclusions
References
7 The Potential Supplies of Wood Fuel
I Introduction
II Wood Residues as Reserves
A Wood Residue Generation
B Wood Residue Availability
C Competition for and Uses of Those Wood Residues
D Wood Residues Available for Energy Purposes
III Wood Fuel Farms or Plantations
A Minimum Operating Conditions
B The Energy Farm Assessment
IV Conclusions
References
8 The Future Uses of Wood Fuels
I Introduction
A A Summary of Wood Fuel Perspectives
B The Technique for Projecting the Future Role and Position of Wood
II The Demand for Energy in the U.S.
III The Use of Wood Fuels to the Year 2000
A Product Output in the Forest Products Industries
B Estimates of Wood Fuel Use
C Supply-Consumption Balances
IV The Position and Role of Wood Fuels
A The Position of Forest Fuels
B The Role of Wood Fuels
C The Position and Role of Wood Fuels in Other Nations
V Conclusion
References
Appendix: Units of Measure
I Introduction
II Conversion Factors
A English-Metric Conversions
B Fuel Conversions
C Wood Conversions
Index