Computational Modelling of Biomechanics and Biotribology in the Musculoskeletal System

Computational Modelling of Biomechanics and Biotribology in the Musculoskeletal System reviews how a wide range of materials are modelled and how this modelling is applied. Computational modelling is increasingly important in the design and manufacture of biomedical materials, as it makes it possible to predict certain implant-tissue reactions, degradation, and wear, and allows more accurate tailoring of materials' properties for the in vivo environment.

Part I introduces generic modelling of biomechanics and biotribology with a chapter on the fundamentals of computational modelling of biomechanics in the musculoskeletal system, and a further chapter on finite element modelling in the musculoskeletal system. Chapters in Part II focus on computational modelling of musculoskeletal cells and tissues, including cell mechanics, soft tissues and ligaments, muscle biomechanics, articular cartilage, bone and bone remodelling, and fracture processes in bones. Part III highlights computational modelling of orthopedic biomaterials and interfaces, including fatigue of bone cement, fracture processes in orthopedic implants, and cementless cup fixation in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Finally, chapters in Part IV discuss applications of computational modelling for joint replacements and tissue scaffolds, specifically hip implants, knee implants, and spinal implants; and computer aided design and finite element modelling of bone tissue scaffolds.

This book is a comprehensive resource for professionals in the biomedical market, materials scientists and mechanical engineers, and those in academia.

• Covers generic modelling of cells and tissues; modelling of biomaterials and interfaces; biomechanics and biotribology
• Discusses applications of modelling for joint replacements and applications of computational modelling in tissue engineering

Contenu

Contributor contact details Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials Foreword Preface Part I: Generic modelling of biomechanics and biotribology 1. Fundamentals of computational modelling of biomechanics in the musculoskeletal system

• Abstract:
• 1.1 Computational approach and its importance
• 1.2 Generic computational approach and important considerations
• 1.3 Computational methods and software
• 1.4 Future trends
• 1.5 Sources of further information and advice

• 1.6 References 2. Finite element modeling in the musculoskeletal system: generic overview

• Abstract:
• 2.1 The musculoskeletal (MSK) system
• 2.2 Overview of the finite element (FE) method
• 2.3 State-of-the-art FE modeling of the MSK system
• 2.4 Key modeling procedures and considerations
• 2.5 Challenges and future trends

• 2.6 References 3. Joint wear simulation

• Abstract:
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Classification of wear
• 3.3 Analytic and theoretical modelling of wear
• 3.4 Implementation of wear modelling in the assessment of joint replacement
• 3.5 Validating wear models
• 3.6 Future trends
• 3.7 References

• 3.8 Appendix: useful tables Part II: Computational modelling of musculoskeletal cells and tissues 4. Computational modeling of cell mechanics

• Abstract:
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Mechanobiology of cells
• 4.3 Computational descriptions of whole-cell mechanics
• 4.4 Liquid drop models
• 4.5 Solid elastic models
• 4.6 Power-law rheology model
• 4.7 Biphasic model
• 4.8 Tensegrity model
• 4.9 Semi-flexible chain model
• 4.10 Dipole polymerization model
• 4.11 Brownian ratchet models
• 4.12 Dynamic stochastic model
• 4.13 Constrained mixture model
• 4.14 Bio-chemo-mechanical model
• 4.15 Computational models for muscle cells
• 4.16 Future trends

• 4.17 References 5. Computational modeling of soft tissues and ligaments

• Abstract:
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Background and preparatory results
• 5.3 Multiscale modeling of unidirectional soft tissues
• 5.4 Multiscale modeling of multidirectional soft tissues
• 5.5 Mechanics at cellular scale: a submodeling approach
• 5.6 Limitations and conclusions
• 5.7 Acknowledgments

• 5.8 References 6. Computational modeling of muscle biomechanics

• Abstract:
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Mechanisms of muscle contraction: muscle structure and force production
• 6.3 Biophysical aspects of skeletal muscle contraction
• 6.4 One-dimensional skeletal muscle modeling
• 6.5 Causes and models of history-dependence of muscle force production
• 6.6 Three-dimensional skeletal muscle modeling

• 6.7 References 7. Computational modelling of articular cartilage

• Abstract:
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Current state in modelling of articular cartilage
• 7.3 Comparison and discussion of major theories
• 7.4 Applications and challenges
• 7.5 Conclusion

• 7.6 References 8. Computational modeling of bone and bone remodeling

• Abstract:
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Computational modeling examples of bone mechanical properties and bone remodeling
• 8.3 Results of computational modeling examples
• 8.4 Conclusion and future trends
• 8.5 Sources of further information and advice
• 8.6 Acknowledgments

• 8.7 References 9. Modelling fracture processes in bones

• Abstract:
• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 A brief update on the literature
• 9.3 Physical formulation and modelling methods
• 9.4 Results and discussion
• 9.5 Challenges, applications and future trends
• 9.6 Sources of further information and advice
• 9.7 Acknowledgement

• 9.8 References Part III: Computational modelling of orthopaedic biomaterials and interfaces 10. Modelling fatigue of bone cement

• Abstract:
• 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 Modelling fatigue of bulk cement
• 10.3 Cement-implant interface
• 10.4 Cement-bone interface
• 10.5 Current and future trends
• 10.6 Conclusion

• 10.7 References 11. Modelling fracture processes in orthopaedic implants

• Abstract:
• 11.1 Introduction
• 11.2 The fracture mechanics approach
• 11.3 Mechanical properties
• 11.3.5 Fracture resistance
• 11.3.6 Impact strength
• 11.3.7 Hardness
• 11.3.8 Fragility
• 11.3.9 Abrasion
• 11.4 Determination of fracture mechanics parameters
• 11.5 Overview of computer methods used in mechanics
• 11.6 Simulation and modelling of the crack path in biomaterials
• 11.7 Challenges and future trends

• 11.8 References 12. Modelling cementless cup fixation in total hip arthroplasty (THA)

• Abstract:
• 12.1 Cup fixation in acetabular bone stock
• 12.2 Measurement and numerical analysis of cup fixation
• 12.3 Summary of the relevant literature
• 12.4 Materials and assumptions
• 12.5 Modelling methods and details
• 12.6 Understanding and interpretation
• 12.7 Challenges, applications and future trends

• 12.8 References Part IV: Applications of computational modelling for joint replacements and tissue scaffolds 13. Computational modeling of hip implants

• Abstract:
• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 Modeling and methods
• 13.3 Results
• 13.4 Discussion
• 13.5 Future trends
• 13.6 Conclusion

• 13.7 References 14. Computational modelling of knee implants

• Abstract:
• 14.1 Introduction
• 14.2 Application of computational models in analysis of knee implants
• 14.3 Assumptions for kinematics and kinetics
• 14.4 Model definition
• 14.5 Model formulation
• 14.6 Model solution
• 14.7 Model validation
• 14.8 Conclusion, challenges and future trends
• 14.9 Sources of further information and advice

• 14.10 References 15. Computational modelling of spinal implants

• Abstract:
• 15.1 Introduction
• 15.2 Spine and implant computational biomechanics
• 15.3 Numerical as…