Comparative Biochemistry V3

Comparative Biochemistry: A Comprehensive Treatise, Volume III: Constituents of Life - Part A focuses on the processes, methodologies, and mechanisms involved in the biological transformations of matter.
Composed of contributions of authors, the book first gives emphasis to the comparative features of fatty acid occurrence and distribution. The formation of fatty acids and lipids in living organisms; naturally occurring fatty acids and lipids; relationship between types and distribution of fatty acids and their biological origin are considered.
The text also looks at the structure and distribution of sterols, steroid metabolism of lipids, and the distribution and metabolism of phospholipids. The book focuses as well on the structure and occurrence of natural monosaccharides and oligosaccharides. The occurrence of commoner monosaccharides and oligosaccharides; the compositions, reactions, and characteristics of nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleic acids; and chromatographic examinations of biological materials for free sugars are considered. The text also looks at the structure, metabolism, and distribution of terpenoids and quinones.
The book is a vital source of information for readers wanting to study the processes, methodologies, and mechanisms involved in the biological transformation of matter.

Contenu

Contributors to Volume III
Preface
Contents of Volumes I, II, IV
Phylogenetic Charts

1. The Comparative Aspects of Fatty Acid Occurrence and Distribution
   I. Introduction
   II. The Naturally Occurring Fatty Acids and Lipids
   III. Formation of Fatty Acids and Lipids in the Living Organism
   IV. Relationships between Types and Distribution of Fatty Acids and Their Biological Origin
   V. Fatty Acid Composition and Mode of Combination
   VI. Variations in Types and Distribution of Fatty Acids in Different Parts of the Organism
   VII. Theory of Evolution and Fatty Acid Composition
   References
2. Sterols: Their Structure and Distribution
   I. Introduction
   II. The Sterols
   III. Sterols of Bacteria and Protozoa
   IV. Sterols of Sponges
   V. Sterols of Coelenterates
   VI. Sterols of Ctenophores to Annelids
   VII. Sterols of Arthropods
   VIII. Sterols of Mollusks
   IX. Sterols of Echinoderms
   X. Sterols of Chordates
   XI. Conclusions
   References
3. Lipids: Steroid Metabolism
   I. The Biosynthesis of Steroids
   II. The Metabolism of Steroids
   References
4. Bile Salts: Structure, Distribution, and Possible Biological Significance as a Species Character
   I. Structure
   II. Distribution
   III. Bile Salts as a Species Character
   References
5. Distribution of Phospholipids
   I. Introduction
   II. Structure of the Glycerophosphatides
   III. Structure of the Sphingophosphatides
   IV. The Distribution of Phospholipids in Animal Tissues
   V. The Distribution of Phospholipids in Plants
   VI. The Phospholipids of Bacteria
   References
6. The Metabolism of Phospholipids
   I. The Biochemistry of Phospholipid Synthesis
   II. Enzyme Systems That Degrade Phospholipids
   III. The Pathways of Phospholipid Metabolism In Vivo
   References
7. Natural Monosaccharides and Oligosaccharides: Their Structures and Occurrence
   I. The Monosaccharides
   II. Intersugar Glycosidic Compounds: Disaccharides and Oligosaccharides
   III. Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Nucleic Acids
   IV. Aminodeoxy Monosaccharides, "Amino Sugars"
   V. Occurrence of Some Commoner Monosaccharides, Free and in Glycosidic Combination
   VI. The Occurrence of Oligosaccharides
   VII. Chromatographic Examinations of Biological Materials for Free Sugars
   References
8. Polysaccharidases
   I. Introduction
   II. The Enzymes of Glycogen and Starch Degradation
   III. Dextranase
   IV. Cellulases
   V. Enzymes That Hydrolyze Other Polyglucosans
   VI. Enzymes That Hydrolyze Mannans and Mannogalactans
   VII. Enzymes That Hydrolyze Fructans
   VIII. Enzymes That Hydrolyze Pentosans (Xylanase)
   IX. Enzymes That Hydrolyze Polyuronides
   X. Enzymes That Hydrolyze Pneumococcal Polysaccharides
   XI. Mucopolysaccharases
   XII. General Discussion
   References
9. Saccharides: Alternate Routes of Metabolism
   I. The Pentose Cycle
   II. The Glucuronate Pathway
   III. Heterofermentative Lactic Acid Degradation of Glucose
   IV. The Entner-Doudoroff Scheme
   V. Comparative Studies
   VI. Direct Oxidations of Glucose and Polyols
   References
10. Terpenoids: Structure and Distribution
    I. Scheme of Terpenoid Structure
    II. Structure and Distribution of Terpenoids
    References
11. Terpenoids: Metabolism
    I. The "'Isoprene Rule'" and Chemism of Terpenoid Biosynthesis
    II. Ring Closures and Rearrangements
    III. Biochemical Oxidations and Hydrogenations
    IV. Chemotaxonomy
    References
12. Quinones: Structure and Distribution
    I. Introduction
    II. Distribution of Quinones in Nature
    III. Biogenesis of Quinones
    References
13. Melanins
    I. Introduction
    II. The Initial Stages of Melanogenesis
    III. The Natural Distribution of Melanins
    IV. The Structure of Melanins
    References
14. Flavonoid Compounds
    I. Survey of Naturally Occurring Compounds and Their Biosynthesis
    II. The Distribution of Flavonoid Components
    III. Metabolism and Function of Flavonoid Compounds
    References
    Author Index
    Subject Index