Comparative Biochemistry V2

Comparative Biochemistry: A Comprehensive Treatise, Volume II: Free Energy and Biological Function focuses on methodologies, processes, and mechanisms involved in the biological transformations of energy.
Composed of contributions of various authors, the book first discusses free energy and the biosynthesis of phosphates. The thermodynamics of phosphoryl and phosphate transfer reactions; enzymatic synthesis of phosphates; and phosphoryl transfer sequences in metabolism are considered. The selection also looks at the utilization of free energy in the biosynthesis of saccharides, proteins, and peptides; ammonia metabolism; and biosynthesis of urea. The book also describes muscular contraction. The structure of myofibril; protein components of myofibril; localization of myofibrillar components; contraction of adenosine triphosphate; and adenosine triphosphatases of muscles are discussed. Other mechanisms that produce movements are also noted. The text ends with discussions on experiments on active transport, balance of electrocytes and water, mechanisms of osmoregulation, bioluminescence, and nerve conduction and electrical discharge.
The book is a good source of data for readers interested in studying free energy.

Contenu

Contributors to Volume II
Reface
Contents of Volumes I, III, And IV

1. Free Energy and the Biosynthesis of Phosphates
   I. Introduction
   II. Thermodynamics of Phosphoryl and Phosphate Transfer Reactions
   III. Enzymatic Synthesis of Phosphates
   IV. Phosphoryl Transfer Sequences in Metabolism
   List of Abbreviations
   References
2. Utilization of Free Energy for the Biosynthesis of Saccharides
   I. Introduction
   II. The Synthesis of Monosaccharides
   III. The Formation of Glycosidic Bonds
   References
3. Comparative Biochemistry of Free Energy Utilization for the Biosynthesis of Peptides and Proteins
   I. Introduction
   II. Energy Coupling in the Synthesis of Small Peptides
   III. Energy Coupling in Protein Biosynthesis
   References
4. Ammonia Metabolism and Urea Biosynthesis
   I. Introductory Remarks
   II. Thermodynamic Data and Conventions
   III. Structure and Properties of Ammonia
   IV. Formation of Ammonia
   V. Inorganic Nitrogen Metabolism
   VI. Systems Utilizing Ammonia
   VII. Biosynthesis of Urea
   VIII. Summary Remarks
   Addendum
   References
5. Muscular Contraction
   I. Introduction
   II. Structure of a Myofibril
   III. Relation of Myofibril to Other Intracellular Components
   IV. Protein Components of the Myofibril
   V. Localization of Myofibrillar Components
   VI. Adenosine Triphosphatases of Muscle
   VII. Contraction and Adenosine Triphosphate
   VIII. Relaxation
   IX. Mechanisms of Contraction
   X. Conclusions
   References
   Addendum
6. Other Mechanisms Producing Movements
   I. The Isolation of Motile Structures
   II. ATP-Driven Single Movements
   III. Movements Which are Inhibited or Made Reversible by ATP
   IV. The Rhythmical Movements of Flagella and Cilia
   V. Summary
   References
7. Active Transport
   I. Definition
   II. Experimental Characterization
   III. Proposed Mechanisms
   IV. Types of Active Transport
   V. Energy Sources
   VI. Specific Inhibition and Stimulation
   VII. Quantitative Relation to Metabolism
   VIII. Relation to Bioelectric Potentials
   References
8. Balance of Water, Electrolytes, and Nonelectrolytes
   I. Introduction
   II. Balance in the Whole Organism
   III. The Distribution of Diffusible Molecules within the Organism
   IV. Balance in Plants
   References
9. The Mechanisms of Osmoregulation
   I. Introduction
   II. The Occurrence of Anisosmotic States in Animals
   III. The Mechanisms of Osmoregulation
   IV. Osmoregulation in Cells and Tissues
   V. Some General Conclusions
   References
10. Nerve Conduction and Electrical Discharge
    I. Introduction
    II. Ionic Basis of Bioelectric Potentials
    III. Nature of the Permeability Change
    IV. The Permeability Change
    V. Energy Requirements
    VI. Adaptations
    VII. Conclusions
    References
11. Bioluminescence
    I. Distribution of Luminescence in the Living World
    II. Essential Chemistry of Light Production
    III. Fundamental Differences in Plants and Animals
    IV. Well-Known Luminescent Systems
    V. Other Luminescent Systems
    VI. Evolution of Bioluminescence
    References
    Author Index
    Subject Index