Comparative Anatomy And Development

Hearts and Heart-Like Organs, Volume 1: Comparative Anatomy and Development focuses on the complexities of the heart and heart-like organs in various species, from the invertebrates and the lower vertebrates to humans. More specifically, it investigates the hearts of worms and mollusks, urochordates and cephalochordates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, and humans.
Organized into 11 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of myogenic hearts and their origin, the circulatory system of the annelids, and the nervous control and pharmacology of mollusk hearts. It then discusses the phyletic relationships and circulation systems of primitive chordates, cardiovascular function in the lower vertebrates, fine structure of the heart and heart-like organs in cyclostomes, and fine structure as well as impulse propagation and ultrastructure of lymph hearts in amphibians and reptiles. It also explains the neural control of the avian heart, functional and nonfunctional determinants of mammalian cardiac anatomy, postnatal development of the heart, and anatomy of the mammalian heart. The book concludes with a chapter on the anatomy of the human pericardium and heart.
This book is a valuable resource for biological and biomedical researchers concerned with the anatomy and physiology of the heart.

Contenu

List of Contributors
Preface
Contents of Other Volumes
1 Some Invertebrate Myogenic Hearts: The Hearts of Worms and Molluscs
I. The Origin of Myogenic Hearts
II. Annelid Circulatory Systems-The Pathway to Hearts
III. The Myogenic Hearts of Molluscs
References
2 The Hearts of Urochordates and Cephalochordates
I. Introduction
II. Phyletic Relationships and Circulation Systems of Primitive Chordates
III. The Hemichordate and Pogonophoran Heart
IV. The Urochordate Heart
V. The Cephalochordate Heart
VI. The Cyclostome Heart
VII. The Evolution of the Chordate Circulation
References
3 Cardiovascular Function in the Lower Vertebrates
I. Introduction
II. The Typical Piscine Heart
III. The Rise of Air-Breathing Vertebrates
IV. The Dipnoan Heart
V. Amphibian Hearts
VI. The Reptilian Heart
VII. Epilogue
References
4 Fine Structure of the Fish Heart
I. Introduction
II. Fine Structure of the Heart and Heart-like Organs in Cyclostomes
III. Fine Structure of the Heart of Elasmobranchs
IV. Fine Structure of the Heart of Teleosts
V. Summary
References
5 On the Fine Structure of Lymph Hearts in Amphibia and Reptiles
I. Introduction
II. Anuran Lymph Hearts
III. Reptilian Lymph Hearts
IV. Summary
References
6 The Amphibian and Reptilian Hearts: Impulse Propagation and Ultrastructure
I. Introduction
II. Electrophysiological Study of Several Cardiac Regions
III. Ultrastructure
References
7 Neural Control of the Avian Heart
I. Introduction
II. Sympathetic Cardiac Innervation
III. Parasympathetic Cardiac Innervation
IV. Concluding Remarks
References
8 Functional and Nonfunctional Determinants of Mammalian Cardiac Anatomy, Parts 1 and II
Part I. The Heart of Edentates
I. Introduction
II. Gross Description of Heart
III. Quantitative Anatomy
IV. Interpretation
Part II. The Heart of Bats
I. Introduction
II. Gross Description of the Heart of Pieropus giganteus
III. The Heart of Other Bats
IV. Interpretation
References
9 Postnatal Development of the Heart
I. Introduction
II. Heart Weight
III. Heart Size and Shape
IV. Coronary Vascular Bed
V. Cardiac Cells
VI. Subcellular Compartments
VII. Chemical Composition
VIII. Cardiac Innervation and Electrical Activity
IX. Myocardial Blood Flow, Oxygen Consumption, and Metabolism
X. Cardiac Function
XI. Summary and Conclusions
References
10 Anatomy of the Mammalian Heart
I. Introduction
II. Cardiac Valves
III. Variation in Heart Size and Form
IV. Pericardium
V. The Heart Wall and Myocardium
VI. Chambers of the Heart
VII. Blood Supply of the Heart
VIII. Cardiac Innervation
References
11 The Anatomy of the Human Pericardium and Heart
I. Introduction
II. Projection of the Heart on the Anterior Chest Wall
III. The Pericardium
IV. Pericardiocentesis
V. External Landmarks of the Heart
VI. The Great Arteries
VII. The Great Veins
VIII. The Fibrous Skeleton of the Heart
IX. The Chambers of the Heart
X. The Conducting System of the Heart
XI. The Blood Supply of the Heart
Bibliography
Index