Nutrition and Cancer

Nutrition plays a crucial role in supporting patients receiving
treatment for cancer. Carefully considered nutritional options can
help to manage patients with weight loss and cachexia, support the
patient's ability to recover from surgery and cope with
treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Patients living
with and beyond cancer can also benefit from advice on optimal
nutrition and lifestyle changes.

Edited by Dr Clare Shaw, Consultant Dietitian at The Royal
Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Nutrition and Cancer takes an
unrivalled look at this prevalent disease, offering the reader:

• An insight into the nutritional challenges faced for patients
  with cancer

• A practical guide to nutrition and dietetic practice in cancer
  care

• A detailed look at nutritional options for different diagnostic
  groups

• Contributions from a wide range of cancer specialists

An excellent resource for dietitians, clinical nutritionists,
doctors, nurses and other health professionals working with cancer
patients, this book is also a fascinating reference for students
and researchers with an interest in the area.

Auteur
Dr Clare Shaw, Consultant Dietitian and Head of Rehabilitation Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London

Résumé
Nutrition plays a crucial role in supporting patients receiving treatment for cancer. Carefully considered nutritional options can help to manage patients with weight loss and cachexia, support the patient's ability to recover from surgery and cope with treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Patients living with and beyond cancer can also benefit from advice on optimal nutrition and lifestyle changes. Edited by Dr Clare Shaw, Consultant Dietitian at The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Nutrition and Cancer takes an unrivalled look at this prevalent disease, offering the reader:

• An insight into the nutritional challenges faced for patients with cancer
• A practical guide to nutrition and dietetic practice in cancer care
• A detailed look at nutritional options for different diagnostic groups
• Contributions from a wide range of cancer specialists
  An excellent resource for dietitians, clinical nutritionists, doctors, nurses and other health professionals working with cancer patients, this book is also a fascinating reference for students and researchers with an interest in the area.

Contenu

Contributors xi

Preface xiii

1 Cancer in the twenty-first century 1
Natalie Doyle and Clare Shaw

Introduction 1

What is cancer and what causes it? 1

Development and spread of cancer 2

What is the global burden of cancer? 4

Whom does cancer affect? 5

Historical perspective on cancer treatment 6

Cancer survivorship living with and beyond cancer 9

Nutrition and cancer 10

References 11

2 Cancer and nutritional status 13
Alessandro Laviano, Isabella Preziosa and Filippo Rossi Fanelli

Introduction 13

Nutritional status and outcome in cancer patients 13

Cancer cachexia 14

Pathogenesis of anorexia and reduced energy intake 16

Pathogenesis of wasting 20

Cancer cachexia: a neurological disease? 23

Summary 24

References 24

3 Treatment of cancer 27
Sanjay Popat

Introduction 27

Treatment intent 27

Treatment setting 28

Treatment modalities 28

Conclusion 43

References 44

4 Effect of malnutrition on cancer patients 45
Louise Henry

Introduction 45

Prevalence of malnutrition amongst cancer patients 46

Effect of malnutrition on outcome 61

Mortality 68

Type of cancer 69

Nutritional status as a prognostic indicator 69

Morbidity 70

Quality of life 71

References 75

5 Nutrition screening 83
Sian Lewis

Introduction 83

Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment 85

Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool 89

Mini Nutritional Assessment 90

Nutritional Risk Screening 91

Malnutrition Screening Tool 91

Conclusion 93

Summary 93

References 94

6 Nutritional requirements of patients with cancer 97
C. Elizabeth Weekes

Introduction 97

Energy 98

Methods used to estimate energy requirements 100

Disease-specific requirements 102

Staging and tumour burden 105

Treatment 105

Response to treatment 107

Tumour recurrence 107

Inflammatory response and cachexia 107

Protein 108

Micronutrients 111

What should we do in clinical practice? 112

Summary 114

References 115

7 The psychosocial influences of food choices made by cancer patients 121
Lucy Eldridge

Introduction 121

Food and cancer 121

Influences to food choices 122

Other dietary approaches patients choose to take and the reasons why 125

Sourcing information 126

Summary 127

References 128

8 Nutritional support for the cancer patient 130
Clare Shaw and Jane Power

Introduction 130

Food provision in a health care setting 130

Symptom management 136

Oral nutritional supplements 141

Artificial nutrition support 142

Summary 153

References 154

9 Late effects of cancer treatment in adult patients 158
Jervoise Andreyev

Cancer is a chronic disease 158

What is survivorship? 160

Who should the dietitian aim to help? 160

The stocktaking interview at the end of the treatment 161

The metabolic syndrome 163

Management of the metabolic syndrome 164

Malnutrition in the cancer survivor 164

Summary 170

References 170 10 Nutrition and palliative care 173
*Clare Sha...