Chromosome Structure and Function

A Historical Perspective on the Study of Chromosome Structure and Function R. Appels Division of Plant Industry CSIRO P.O. Box 1600 A.C.T. AUSTRALIA "Modern physical science gives us no model to explain the re­ duplication of the gene-string in each cell generation, or to ex­ plain the production of effective quantities of specific enzymes or other agents by specific genes. The precise pairing and inter­ change of segments by homologous gene-strings at meiosis also suggest novel physical properties of this form of matter". Stadler (1954) The very strong influence of reductionism in the history of understanding chromosome structure and function is evident in the above quotation from Stadler's 1954 paper, "The gene". Earlyob­ servations on the constancy of the cytological appearance of chromo­ somes and their regular behaviour in cell division led to specula­ tion on their biological importance. As genetics became more refined in the early decades of the 20th century the genes-on-a­ string model of chromosomes developed and greater emphasis was placed on the further dissection of these structures. As a result, in the 1980's the reductionist approach is reaching a crest as extensive regions of the genetic material are being sequenced.

Contenu

The Analysis of Chromosome Organization by Experimental Manipulation.- Chromosomes and Kinetochores Do More In Mitosis than Previously Thought.- Chromosomal Replicons of Higher Plants.- New Perspectives on the Genetics and Molecular Biology of Constitutive Heterochromatin.- Interactive Meiotic Systems.- Distribution Patterns of Nonhistone Chromosomal Proteins on Polytene Chromosomes: Functional Correlations.- Molecular Mapping of Plant Chromosomes.- Transgenic Arabidopsis.- Ribosomal DNA in Maize.- Quantitative Cladistic Analyses of Chromosomal Banding Data Among Species in Three Orders of Mammals: Hominoid Primates, Felids and Arvicolid Rodents.- Regulation of Drosophila Chorion Gene Amplification.- Molecular Cloning of the Maize R-nj Allele by Transposon Tagging with Ac.- Genetic Engineering for Crop Improvement.- The Current Status of Chromosome Analysis in Wheat.