Chromosome Damage and Repair

The NATO - EMBO Advanced Study Institute - Lecture Course on "CHROMOSOME DAMAGE AND REPAIR" was held at God¢ysund Fjord Hotel outside Bergen, Norway. from Ms\r 27th to June 5th, 1980. This book represents the proceedings of this meeting. In addition to the for­ mal lectures, a number of short contributions presented in the dis­ cussion sessions following the lectures are also included. The papers have been divided into different groups according to topic, essentially in the same way as they were presented during the meet­ ing. The editors have m. ade' few alterations in the manuscript sub­ mitted and these were mostly confined to typing style and correc­ tion ot typographical errors. We would like to express our appreciation to all the persons who helped in making this meeting possible. Special thanks are due to Tomas Lindahl, Alan R. Lehmann and Erik Boye, who served in the advisory program committee. We would also like to thank our Danish friends and colleagues and others who provided invaluable assistance in an emergency situation. The editors are also grateful for the financial support provided by a number of organizations and institu­ tions. First and foremost of these were the NATO Scientific Affairs Division and the European Molecular Biology Organization.

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Spontaneous and Induced Damage to DNA and Chromatin.- Damage to DNA Caused by Hydrolysis.- Methylation of Cellular DNA by the Carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and Removal of Methylpurines - Comparisons of Escherichia coli, Mouse and Human Cells.- On the Use of a Damage-specific DNA Binding Protein to Probe Lesions in DNA.- DNA Chemically Modified by N-Acetoxy-N-2-Acetyl-Amino-Fluorene: Nature of the Adducts and Conformation of the Modified DNA.- Heteroduplex DNA in Bacteriophage Tl after Ionizing Radiation.- Influence of Alkylating Agents on the Structure of the Bacterial Nucleoid.- Nucleosomal Structure of Chromatin: Distribution and Excision of DNA Damage.- Electron-Microscopic Visualization of the AAF Binding Sites to DNA in Core Particles and Trinucleosomes by Means of Specific Antibodies.- Studies of Molecular Events in Isolated Nucleolar Chromatin in Response to Chemicals and Ionizing Radiation.- Mechanisms of DNA Excision Repair.- Base Excision Repair of DNA.- Incision of Pyrimidine Dimer Containing DNA by Small Molecular Weight Enzymes.- The Use of Direct Photoreversal of UV-Irradiated DNA for the Demonstration of Pyrimidine Dimer-DNA Glycosylase Activity.- Enzymatic Studies of Base Excision Repair in cultured Human Fibroblasts and in Escherichia coli.- Mechanism of Action of M. luteus Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonucleases.- Properties of Uracil-DNA Glycosylases from M. luteus, E. coli, and Mammalian Cells.- Base Replacement Mechanisms for the Repair of Unnatural and Damaged Bases in DNA.- Excision Repair of Bulky Lesions in the DNA of Mammalian Cells.- Inducible Excision Repair in Escherichia coli.- On the Nature of the Repair Deficiency in E. coliuvrE.- Repair of UV-Damaged DNA Transformed into E. coli.- An Endonucleolytic Activity from M. luteus Directed Towards 8-(2-Hydroxy 2-Propyl)-Purines in DNA.- Mechanisms of Postreplication Repair and Repair by Recombination.- Regulatory and Enzymatic Functions of recA Protein in Recombination and Postreplication Repair.- Haemophilus influenzae Does Not Fit Theories of Post-Replication Repair.- RecA-Mediated Asymmetric Repair of Lethal DNA Lesions in E. coli.- 125I Decay in Microorganisms: A Prokaryotic Model System for Examining the Role of Unrepaired Double-Strand DNA Breaks in Cell Killing.- Protein "X" Synthesis in Mammalian Cells.- Adaptation to Alkylating Agents.- DNA Methyl Transferase Acting on O6-Methylguanine Residues in Adapted E. coli.- Isolation of Mutants of Escherichia coli with Increased Resistance to Alkylating Agents.- Effect of Rifampicin on N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea-Induced Mutation Frequency in Escherichia coli.- The Enhanced Repair of O6-Alkylguanine in Mammalian Systems.- DNA Sequencing and Gene Cloning in Studying Mutagenesis and Repair.- The Use of DNA Tumor Viruses as Model Systems for Studying Damage and Repair of Eukaryotic Chromosomes: Analysis of Mutations by DNA Sequencing.- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides as Site-Specific Mutagens.- Cloning of recA+ and lexA+ and Some of Their Mutant Alleles; An Investigation of Their Mutual Interaction.- Perturbation of the SOS Response of Escherichia coli by Plasmids Carrying Truncated recA genes.- Plasmids Carrying the uvrA and uvrC Genes of Escherichia coli K12: Construction and Properties.- Cloning of the uvrC+ Gene from Escherichia coli onto a Plaque-Forming Phage Vector.- DNA Repair Deficiency and Human Disease.- Xeroderma Pigmentosum - A Human Model of Defective DNA Repair.- Correlation of Post-UV Colony-Forming Abilites of Xeroderma Pigmentosum Fibroblasts with DNA Incision Reactions Catalyzed by Cell-Free Extracts.- Effects of Ultraviolet-Irradiation on DNA Ligase Activity of Human Fibroblasts from Normal and Xeroderma Pigmentosum Donors.- Heritable Radiosensitive and DNA Repair-Deficient Disorders in Man.- Studies on the Repair Defects of Ataxia Telangiectasia Cells.- Ataxia Telangiectasia: Studies on DNA Repair Synthesis in Fibroblast Strains.- The Response of Cockayne Syndrome Cells to UV-Irradiation.- Chromosomal Radiosensitivity in Fanconi's Anaemia.- DNA Replication in Normal and Damaged Cells.- DNA Replication in Mammalian Cells Damaged by Mutagens.- Replication Processes in Chinese Hamster Cells Treated with Mutagenic Agents: Effects of Split Dose Treatments.- Role of Mammalian DNA Polymerases in Replication and Repair.- Evidence for a Role of DNA Helicase II in DNA Replication.- DNA Replication in Cells with Polytene Chromosomes.- Accuracy of DNA Replication: Effects of Lesions in the Template.- Accuracy and Ageing.- High Fidelity Devices in the Reproduction of DNA.- Inhibition or Absence of DNA Proofreading Exonuclease Is Not Sufficient to Allow Copying of Pyrimidine Dimers.- On the Possible Role of the Miscoding DNA-Lesions, l,N6-Ethenoadenine and 3,N4-Ethenocytosine, in Vinyl Chloride-Induced Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis.- The Function of Methylated Bases in DNA of Escherichia coli.- Role of ADP-Ribose in DNA Repair.- (ADP-Ribose)n, a New Component in DNA Repair.- Addition of UV Endonuclease to Permeable XP Cells to Analyze the Relation of Poly(ADPR) Synthesis to DNA Repair.- Alkylation of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells Elicits a Response from Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase.- Lethal and Mutagenic Effects of DNA Damage.- Programmed Death of Escherichia coli after UV Radiation.- Excision Repair Affects the Specificity of UV-Mutagenesis in the lacI+ Gene of Escherichia coli: Possible Involvement of Secondary DNA Structure.- Hydrazine and Methylhydrazine as recA+ Independent Mutagens in Escherichia coli.- Effects of Platinum Coordination Complexes on Mutants of Escherichia coli Defective in DNA Repair and Genetic Recombination.- DNA Replication, Repair, and Mutagenesis in Permeable E. coli Cells that Are Fully Viable.- Involvement of ATP in Repair and Mutagenesis of X-Irradiated Mammalian Cells.- Cell Cycle Patterns of Mutation Induction and Their Relationship to DNA Repair.- Yeast as a Model for Studying DNA-Alterations and Biological Response Induced by Alkylating Anti-Cancer Drugs: Effects of Cyclophosphamide.- Induction of Sister Chromatid Exchanges.- Is Sister Chromatid Exchange Formation an Inducible Process?.- Induction of Sister Chromatid Exchanges by Non-Mutagenic Carcinogens.- Chromosome Aberrations and Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Persons Occupationally Exposed to Mutagens/Carcinogens.- Sister-Chromatid Exchanges as a Measure of Damage Produced by Visible Light on BrdUrd-Substituted Chromosomes.- DNA Damage and Repair in Relation to Carcinogenesis.- DNA Damage and Carcinogenesis.- Some Parameters Affecting DNA Damage and Their Relevance to the Action of Chemical Carcinogens.- Effect of a Tumor Promoter on DNA Repair after Treatment of C…