Comparison of functionalism and symbolic interactionism

Christine Langhoff

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Essay from the year 2002 in the subject Sociology - General and Theoretical Directions, grade: 2ii (B), Oxford University (New Co...

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Essay from the year 2002 in the subject Sociology - General and Theoretical Directions, grade: 2ii (B), Oxford University (New College), language: English, abstract: Both functionalism and symbolic interactionism are sociological theories i.e. sets of ideas which provide an explanation for human society. Like all theory, sociological theory is selective because it cannot explain everything or account for the infinite amount of data that exist. Theories are therefore selective in terms of their priorities and perspectives and the data they define as significant. As a result, they provide a particular and partial view of reality. There are a wide variety of sociological theories, and they can be grouped together according to various criteria. One of the most important of these is the distinction between structural or macro perspectives and social action or micro perspectives. These perspectives differ in the way they approach the analysis of society. Functionalism is an example of a macro perspective as it analyses the way society as a whole fits together whereas symbolic interactionism is a micro perspective because it stresses the meaningfulness of human behaviour and denies that it is primarily determined by the structure of society.