Chernobyl

This series is dedicated to serving the growing community of scholars and practitioners concerned with the principles and applications of environmental management. Each volume is a thorough treatment of a specific topic of importance for proper management practices. A fundamental objective of these books is to help the reader discern and implement man's stewardship of our environment and the world's renewable resources. For we must strive to understand the relation­ ship between man and nature, act to bring harmony to it, and nurture an environment that is both stable and productive. These objectives have often eluded us because the pursuit of other individual and societal goals has diverted us from a course of living in balance with the environment. At times, therefore, the environmental manager may have to exert restrictive control, which is usually best applied to man, not nature. Attempts to alter or harness nature have often failed or backfired, as exemplified by the results of imprudent use of herbicides, fertilizers, water, and other agents. Each book in this series will shed light on the fundamental and applied aspects of environmental management. It is hoped that each will help solve a practical and serious environmental problem.

Contenu

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Other Accidents.- 1.2 The Costs.- 1.3 Factual Description.- Notes.- References.- 2 Monitoring and Assessment.- 2.1 A Historical Review.- 2.2 Design of Monitoring Systems.- 2.3 Assessment.- 2.4 Communications.- 2.5 Monitoring Networks and Assessment in Five European Countries.- References.- 3 Health Effects: Potential Long-Term Consequences in Europe.- 3.1 Biological Effects of Radiation.- 3.2 Radiation Protection Principles.- 3.3 Impact of the Chernobyl Accident on Europe's Population.- 3.4 Conclusions.- Addendum.- References.- 4 Agriculture and Trade.- 4.1 Derived Reference Levels for Radioactivity in Foods.- 4.2 Reaction of the European Community.- 4.3 Reactions of Other European Countries.- 4.4 Measures Taken by Non-European Countries.- 4.5 Effects on Trade and Agriculture.- 4.6 Costs of Chernobyl.- 4.7 Lessons to be Learned.- References.- 5 The International Response: Prospects for a Nuclear Safety Regime.- 5.1 International Organizations and Nuclear Safety after TMI.- 5.2 International Response to the Chernobyl Accident.- 5.3 An International Nuclear Safety Regime.- 5.4 Summary.- Notes.- References.- 6 Perception of a Secondhand Reality.- 6.1 Defining Perception.- 6.2 Perception of Chernobyl.- 6.3 Investigating Perception.- 6.4 The Perception of Chernobyl as a "Social Accident".- 6.5 Conclusion.- References.- 7 The Media and Crisis Management.- 7.1 Communication Needs and Government Responses.- 7.2 Common Communications Problems.- 7.3 Discussion and Conclusions.- 7.4 Recommendations.- References.- 8 The Credibility Crisis.- 8.1 Introduction: Something Worse than the Bad News.- 8.2 The Chernobyl Accident as a Human-made Disaster.- 8.3 The Uniqueness of Nuclear Disasters.- 8.4 The Future of a Credibility Crisis.- 8.5 Conclusions.- Note.- References.- Appendix: Concepts, Unit, and Terminology.