Chemistry and Biological Activities of Bacterial Surface Amphiphiles

Chemistry and Biological Activities of Bacterial Surface Amphiphiles is a collection of papers presented at a workshop entitled Chemistry and Biological Activities of Bacterial Surface Amphiphiles, held in New Orleans, Louisiana, January 12, 1981. The goals of the workshop were to review the state of knowledge of bacterial amphiphiles; to consider and possibly standardize approaches to testing for biological activities of amphiphiles; to set guidelines for criteria of purity of amphiphile preparations used in biological testing; to determine major future avenues in amphiphile research; and to foster future cooperative research in the field.
The book is organized into eight parts. Part I contains papers on the chemical composition and biological properties of bacterial amphiphiles. Part II presents studies on the extraction and purification of amphiphiles. The papers in Part III focus on the detection and quantitation of bacterial amphiphiles. Part IV presents studies on the physical properties of bacterial amphiphiles. The contributions in Parts V and VI deal with the biosynthesis of amphiphiles and the role of amphiphiles in the producing organisms, respectively. Part VII examines interactions of bacterial amphiphiles with mammalian systems. Part VIII presents the final plenary session to the workshop, which reviewed areas of discussion that followed the formal presentations.

Contenu

Contributors
Preface

1. Introduction to the Chemical and Biological Properties of Bacterial Amphiphiles
   Chemical Composition and Properties of Amphiphiles
   Extraction and Purification of Amphiphiles
   Cellular Localization, Excretion, and Physiological Roles of Lipoteichoic Acid in Gram-Positive Bacteria
   Chemistry and Biology of Lipopolysaccharides and Lipid A
2. Extraction and Purification of Amphiphiles
   A Model System for the Purification of Amphiphiles: The Preparation of Lipoteichoic Acid Using Liposomes
   Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography: A Method for Purification of Streptococcus mutans BHT Lipoteichoic Acid
   Heterogeneity of Lipoteichoic Acid of Streptococcus sanguis
   Aggregation of Staphylococcal Lipoteichoic Acid
   Criteria of Purity
3. Detection and Quantification of Bacterial Amphiphiles
   Serological Methods
   Quantitative Immunoelectrophoresis Techniques in Studies of Identification, Purification, and Distribution of Membrane Lipomannan
   Fatty Acid Esters of Streptococcal Cell Wall Polysaccharides as Amphiphiles
4. Physical Properties of Bacterial Amphiphiles
   Physical Principles and Modes of Interaction of Membrane Lipids and Amphiphiles
   Determination of Molecular Structure of Amphiphiles Using NMR Spectroscopy
5. Biosynthesis of Amphiphiles
   Synthesis of Teichoic Acids
   Biosynthesis of D-Alanyl-Lipoteichoic Acid in Lactobacillus casei
   Biosynthesis of the Membrane Lipoteichoic Acid of Streptococcus faecium (S. faecalis ATCC 9790)
   Alanine Ester Substitution and Its Effect on the Biological Properties of Lipoteichoic Acids
   On the Participation of Lipoteichoic Acid in the Biosynthesis of Wall Teichoic Acids
   Glycerophosphoglycolipids Presumptive Biosynthetic Precursors of Lipoteichoic Acids
6. Role of Amphiphiles in the Producing Organisms
   Effect of Growth Conditions on Lipoteichoic Acid Production
   Release of Lipoteichoic Acid by Group A Streptococci
   Depletion of Lipoteichoic Acid from Intact Cells of Streptococcus faecium
   Cellular LTA Content during Growth and Division in Streptococcus faecium (ATCC 9790)
   Lipoteichoic Acid Content and Tolerance of Staphylococci to Cell Wall Antibiotics
   Streptolysin S Carrier Activity of Lipoteichoic Acid
7. Interaction of Bacterial Amphiphiles with Mammalian Systems
   Inflammatory Properties of an Oral Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide and Human Dental Plaque
   Interaction of Amphiphiles with Macrophages and Eucaryotic Enzyme Systems
   Complement Activation by a Streptococcal LTA
   The Interaction of Lipoteichoic Acid with Streptococcal Proteins, Serum Albumin, and Animal Cell Membranes
   Induction of Murine Lymphocytes and Macrophages by Components of Bacterial Cell Walls and Membranes
   In Vitro Studies of Adhesion of Streptococcus sanguis to Salivary Pellicles
   The Role of Lipoteichoic Acid in the Adherence and Colonization of Oral Streptococci
   Possible Role of Lipoteichoic Acids in the Pathogenicity of Dental Plaque
8. Plenary Discussion
   Index