Chemical Determinations

Chemical Determinations is a collection of papers that discusses chemical methods used in hormone investigation. One paper explains the physicochemical procedures used to separate estrogens from interfering material which leads to the possible determination of small amounts of hormones in biological fluids. One approach is through simpler methods for routine use, designed principally for the determination of estrogens in urine and in plasma. Another way is through more elaborate methods, designed to establish the presence and identity of various estrogens in small numbers of biological samples. Another paper explains the methods for the analysis of 17-ketosteroids of blood and urine, and a method for the assay of testosterone in plasma which correlates with the state of virilism of an individual. One paper describes the techniques utilized for extraction, preliminary purification, isolation, and quantitative estimation of progesterone. Another paper reviews the occurrence of pregnanetriolone (an inactive urinary metabolite), the significance of its estimation as an aid in differential diagnosis, the methods of estimation, as well as the metabolic pathways leading to the excretion of pregnanetriolone and related steroids. The collection is suitable for researchers, scientists, medical practitioners, or academicians involved in endocrinology, metabolism, and bio-research.

Contenu

Contributors to Volume I

Preface

Contents, Volume II

1. Estrogens

   I. Introduction

   II. Problems and Difficulties

   III. Criteria for the Assessment of Methods and Procedures

   IV. The Estimation of Estrone, Estradiol-17 ß, and Estriol: General Procedures

   V. The Use of Isotopes

   VI. Further Identification Procedures

   VII. The Estimation of Conjugates

   VIII. The Estimation of Estrogens in Urine

   IX. The Estimation of Estrogens in Blood, Tissues and Bile

   X. The Problem of Protein Binding

   XI. The Estimation of the Newer Estrogens

   XII. Discussion

   References

2. Assay of 17-Ketosteroids and Testosterone

   I. Introduction

   II. Determination of Dehydroepiandrosterone

   III. Determination of 5a-Androst-16-en-3a-ol (Brooksbank and Haslewood, 1960)

   IV. Determination of Testosterone in Plasma (Finkelstein et al., 1961a)

   V. Determination of 17-Ketosteroids in Urine

   VI. Fractionation of Individual 17-Ketosteroids

   VII. 17-Ketosteroids in Plasma and Serum

   VIII. The Zimmermann Reaction

   IX. Preparation of Neutral Ketonic Fractions

   X. Preparation of the ß-17-Ketosteroid Fraction

   XI. Miscellaneous Methods

   References

3. Progesterone

   I. Historical Survey

   II. Extraction and Preliminary Purification

   III. Isolation of Progesterone from Purified Extracts

   IV. Quantitative Estimation of Isolated Progesterone

   V. Additional Identification of Progesterone

   VI. Reliability of Different Methods

   VII. Description of Recommended Methods

   VIII. Application of Methods

   IX. Suggestions for Further Development of Methods

   References

4. Pregnanediol and Pregnanetriol

   I. The Metabolic Precursors of Pregnanediol and of Pregnanetriol

   II. Organs Producing Pregnanediol and Pregnanetriol Precursors

   III. The Occurrence of Pregnanediol and Pregnanetriol

   IV. Quantitative Relationships between Hormone Production and Metabolite Excretion

   V. The Development of Methods for the Assay of Pregnanediol and Pregnanetriol in Urine

   VI. A Critical Evaluation of the Principles of Published Methods of Assay

   VII. Recommended Methods

   VIII. The Clinical Applications of the Assay of Pregnanediol and Pregnanetriol

   IX. Future Developments in the Assay of Pregnanediol and Pregnanetriol

   References

5. Pregnanetriolone, an Abnormal Urinary Steroid

   I. Introduction

   II. Historical

   III. Methods for the Assay of Pregnanetriolone and Related Steroids in Urine

   IV. Preparation of the Urinary Extracts (Methods I and II) According to Cox and Finkelstein (1957)

   V. Method Ia (Finkelstein, 1959)

   VI. Methods I and Ia: Quantitative Estimation by Fluorometry (Zondek and Finkelstein, 1952; Finkelstein and Goldberg, 1957)

   VII. Method II: Quantitative Estimation through the Determination of Acetaldehyde ("Acetaldehydogenic" Steroids) (Cox, 1959)

   VIII. Other Methods

   IX. Occurrence of Pregnanetriolone

   X. Cases Where Pregnanetriolone Was Not Found (Table II)

   XI. Conditions in Which Pregnanetriolone Is Excreted

   XII. Biosynthesis of Pregnanetriolone

   References

6. Adrenocorticosteroids

   I. Introduction

   II. Requirements for a Good Chemical Assay

   III. Methods of Assay

   References

7. Assay of Aldosterone and Metabolites

   I. Biological Assay

   II. Physicochemical Assay

   III. Methods of Purification

   IV. Metabolism of Aldosterone in Man

   V. Urinary Assay Methods

   VI. Indirect Secretion Rate Estimates in Man

   VII. Assay in Peripheral Blood

   VIII. Assays of the Adrenal Gland

   References

8. Adrenaline and Noradrenaline

   I. Introduction

   II. Chemistry

   III. Colorimetric Methods

   IV. Fluorometric Methods

   References

9. Chemical Assay of Thyroxine-Like Materials

   I. Introduction

   II. Separation of Iodo-Compounds

   III. Chemical Methods of Determination

   IV. Physical Methods of Determination

   V. Summary

   References

Author Index

Subject Index