Cell-Cell Signaling in Vertebrate Development

Cell-Cell Signaling in Vertebrate Development provides a comprehensive discussion of cell-cell interactions in vertebrate development and the molecular signals that mediate them.
The book is divided into six parts, arranged according to major developmental phenomena demonstrated in illustrative systems derived from amphibian, avian, mammalian, and piscine sources. Part I introduces the mechanisms of gene activation in the context of early vertebrate development. Part II is concerned with cellular contacts and the induction process. Cell-cell interactions are illustrated through analyses of neurogenesis in the mouse; embryonic induction is considered in the frog and in the chick.
Part III deals with cell migration and differentiation. It examines cell lineages in the frog eyebud; migration phenomena in connection with axon guidance in the embryonic rat spinal cord and mouse visual system; pathfinding by primary motoneurons; and the formation of terminal arbors in zebrafish embryos. Part IV discusses developmental processes that depend on diffusible signals and signal gradients. Part V illustrates pattern formation as exemplified in the developing chick hindbrain and in urodele limb regeneration. Part VI highlights gene expression and its regulation by transcription factors or growth factors in rodent development.

Contenu

Preface
Part I Introduction
1 Mechanisms of Gene Activation in Early Vertebrate Development
Text
References
Part II Cell-Cell Contacts and Induction
2 Control of Granule Cell Neurogenesis and Migration in Developing Cerebellar Cortex
Introduction
Granule Cell DNA Synthesis Stimulated by Contacts among Neuronal Precursor Cells
Influence of Growth Factors on Granule Neuroblast DNA Synthesis
Duration of Proliferation by Immature Granule Cells in Vitro
Characterization of the Progeny of Granule Cell Neuroblasts in Vitro
Initiation of Neuronal Differentiation: The Neurological Mutant Mouse Weaver
Weaver EGL Cells Fail to Undergo Neuronal Differentiation in Vitro
Weaver Cells Extend Neurites when Transplanted into Reaggregates of Wild-Type Cells
Membranes from Wild-Type Cells Rescue the Weaver Defect in Neunte Outgrowth
Weaver Cells Migrate along Glial Fascicles after Transplantation into Reaggregates of Wild-Type Cells
Expression of TAG-1 and Astrotactin Increases when Weaver Cells Are Cocultured with Wild-Type Cells
Features of Migrating Granule Neurons
Molecular Components of Glia-Guided Neuronal Migration
Spatiotemporal Pattern of Expression of Astrotactin
Changing Patterns of Gene Expression Define Four Stages of Granule Neuron Differentiation
References
3 Mesoderm Induction and Pattern Formation in the Amphibian Embryo
Mesoderm Induction and the Establishment of the Basic Body Plan in Xenopus
Mesoderm Induction and the Formation of the Dorsoventral and Anteroposterior Axes
Consequences of Mesoderm Induction: The Activation of Regulatory Genes
The LIM Class of Homeobox Genes in Xenopus Development
Conclusions
References
4 Relationships between Mesoderm Induction and Formation of the Embryonic Axis in the Chick Embryo
Germ Layers and Cell Movement Patterns during Primitive Streak Formation in the Chick Embryo
Establishment of Cell Diversity: Expression of Cell-Type-Specific Markers during Primitive Streak Formation
Nature of Macromolecules Carrying the L2/HNK-1 Epitope and Their Possible Involvement in Gastrulation
Fate of HNK-l-Positive Cells
Marginal Zone: Organizer of the Early Embryo
Induction of the Primitive Streak: A Revised View
References
Part III Cell Migration and Differentiation
5 Studies of Neural Cell Lineages Using Injectable Fluorescent Tracers
Introduction
Fluorescent Dextran and Retroviral Vectors as Lineage Tracers
Cell Lineages in the Frog Eyebud
Cell Lineages in the Spinal Cord and Hindbrain of the Chick
Concluding Remarks
References
6 Axon Guidance in the Mammalian Spinal Cord
Introduction
Orientation of Commissural Axons in Response to a Floor Plate-Derived Chemoattractant
Patterning of Axons by Contact-Mediated Cues at the Floor Plate
Summary
References
7 Axon Patterning in the Visual System: Divergence of Retinal Axons to Each Side of the Brain at the Midline of the Optic Chiasm
Dye-Labeling Studies in Fixed Brain: Axon Trajectory and Growth Cone Morphology Reflect the Pattern of Divergence
Growth Cone Form as an Indicator of Behavior and Cell-Cell Interactions
Real Time Studies
Midline of the Optic Chiasm: A First Cue for Divergence
Fiber-Fiber Interactions Also Contribute to Axon Divergence
Concluding Remarks
References
8 Cellular Interactions Regulating the Formation of Terminal Arbors by Primary Motoneurons in the Zebrafish
Identified Primary Motoneurons of the Zebrafish
Pathfinding by the Primary Motoneurons
Formation of Terminal Arbors
Extension and Retraction of Projections
Regulation of Branch Extension and Retraction
Summary
References
Part IV Gradients and Diffusible Signals
9 The DVR Gene Family in Embryonic Development
Introduction
Results and Discussion
References
10 Control of Neural Cell Identity and Pattern by Notochord and Floor Plate Signals
Introduction
Induction of the Floor Plate by the Notochord
Signals from the Floor Plate and Notochord Control Cell Pattern in the Ventral Half of the Neural Tube
Influence of the Notochord and Floor Plate on Cell Differentiation in the Dorsal Neural Tube
Possible Mechanisms for the Control of Neural Cell Pattern by the Notochord and Floor Plate
References
11 Retinoids and Pattern Formation in Vertebrate Embryos
Biochemistry of Retinoids
Retinoids Induce a Homeobox Gene during Early Development of the Chick Embryo
Retinoic Acid Induces Somite-like Structures in Cranial Mesoderm
Retinoid Metabolism in Early Chick Embryos
References
Part V Pattern Formation
12 The Relationship between Krox-20 Gene Expression and the Segmentation of the Vertebrate Hindbrain
Introduction
Conserved Expression Pattern of Krox-20
Establishment of Krox-20 Expression in the Neural Epithelium
Implications for Krox-20 Function
Relationship between Krox-20 Expression and Lineage Restriction
References
13 The Effect of Retinoids on Amphibian Limb Regeneration
Introduction
Events of Limb Regeneration
Effects of Retinoids on Limb Regeneration
Conclusions
References
Part VI Transcription Factors
14 Role of Transcription Factor GATA-1 in the Differentiation of Hemopoietic Cells
Introduction
Results
Discussion and Conclusions
References
15 Expression of Hox-2 Genes and Their Relationship to Regional Diversity in the Vertebrate Head
Introduction
Conservation and Properties of the Hox Network
Hox Expression in the Branchial Arches: A Hox Code for the Head
Role of Mesoderm in Neural Plate Regionalization
Temporal Onset of Expression
Transmission of Spatial Specification to Other Parts of the Head
Areas of Reduced Crest Emigration
Mechanism of Head Segmentation
Differences in Extent of Specification in Cranial Crest
Experimental Support for the Hox Code
Conclusions
References
16 Murine Paired Box Containing Genes
Introduction
Murine Pax Gene Family
Conclusions
References
17 Gene Regulation during Nerve Growth Factor-Induced Differentiation
Expression of Immediate Early Genes
Expression of Delayed Early Genes
Expression of Late Genes
Proto-oncogenes and Neural Development and Function
Summary
References
Index