Cell Biology of the Eye

Cell Biology of the Eye discusses the eye tissues and its role in the investigations on active transport, growth factors, receptors, and differentiation.

The book is comprised of articles which discuss corneal proteoglycans; transport of ions and metabolites across the corneal endothelium; the ontogeny and localization of the crystallins in eye lens development and regeneration; the biological-physical basis of lens transparency; the chromatic organization of the retina; and the dopamine neurons in the retina.

This treatise will serve as a valuable reference text for graduate and professional students, teachers, researchers, clinicians, and to all in the vision field.

Contenu

List of Contributors
Preface

1. Corneal Proteoglycans
   I. Introduction
   II. Composition and Structure of Corneal Proteoglycans
   III. Biosynthesis of Corneal Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans
   IV. Functional Aspects
   References
2. Transport of Ions and Metabolites Across the Corneal Endothelium
   I. Introduction
   II. Corneal Structure and Function
   III. Access of Metabolites
   IV. Water and Ions
   V. Metabolism and Enzymes
   VI. Quantitative Aspects
   VII. Conclusion
   References
3. Growth Factors: Effect on Corneal Tissue
   I. Introduction
   II. The Cornea: Structure and Development
   III. Various Classes of Growth Factors Involved in the Control of Proliferation of Corneal Cells
   IV. Effects of Growth Factors on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Corneal Endothelial Cells in Vitro
   V. The Use of Corneal Endothelial Cell Cultures in Studies on Their Differentiated Properties
   VI. The Control by Growth Factors of Corneal Stromal Fibroblasts
   VII. The Control of Proliferation of Corneal Epithelial Cells by Growth Factors
   VIII. Conclusion
   References
4. Ontogeny and Localization of the Crystallins in Eye Lens Development and Regeneration
   I. Introduction: The Crystallins
   II. Crystallins and Development of the Lens
   III. Crystallins and Regeneration of the Lens
   IV. Invertebrate Lens Proteins ("Crystallins")
   V. Crystallins of the Regenerated and Re-Regenerated Lens
   References
5. Transdifferentiation of Lens Cells and Its Regulation
   I. Introduction
   II. Definition of Key Expressions
   III. Iris Epithelium as a Source of Lens Cells
   IV. Pigmented Retina as a Source of Lens Cells
   V. Neural Retina as a Source of Lens Cells
   VI. Cornea as a Source of Lens Cells
   VII. General Discussion
   Addendum
   References
6. Biological-Physical Basis of Lens Transparency
   I. Transparency of the Lens
   II. Infrastructure of the Lens
   III. Biological Processes for the Maintenance of Transparency
   IV. Normal Lenses
   V. Age-Dependent Changes in Lens Transparency and Cataractogenesis of a Different Etiology
   References
7. Control of Cell Division in the Ocular Lens, Retina, and Vitreous Humor
   I. Regulation of Cell Division in the Ocular Lens
   II. Regulation of Cell Proliferation in the Retina, Retinal Vessels, and Vitreous Humor
   References
8. Retinoids in Ocular Tissues: Binding Proteins, Transport, and Mechanism of Action
   I. Retinoid Structure
   II. Retinoid Uptake
   III. Retinoid Metabolism
   IV. Physiological Action of Retinoids
   V. Molecular Action of Retinoids
   VI. Vitamin A Binding Proteins (Receptors)
   VII. 7 S Binding Protein of Retina
   VIII. Model of Retinoid Movement in PE and Retina
   IX. Nuclear Interactions of Retinoids and Receptor Proteins
   X. Model for Nuclear Interaction with Retinoids
   References
9. Chromatic Organization of the Retina
   I. Introduction
   II. Vertebrate Cones
   III. Cone Distribution
   IV. Spectral Identification of Cones
   V. Chromatic Organization of Vertebrate Cones
   VI. Chromatic Organization of Cones and Visual Function
   VII. Summary
   References
10. Biosynthesis and Morphogenesis of Outer Segment Membranes in Vertebrate Photoreceptor Cells
    I. Biosynthesis of Outer Segment Membrane Components in the RER
    II. Vectorial Transport of Opsin from the Golgi Apparatus to the Apex of the Inner Segment
    III. Transport of Opsin to the ROS from the Base of the Connecting Cilium
    IV. Outer Segment Disk Structure and Morphogenesis
    V. Circadian Control of Disk Shedding and of Rhodopsin Biosynthesis
    VI. General Principles of Membrane Biosynthesis Shared by Photoreceptosr and Other Cells
    References
11. Dopamine Neurons in the Retina: A New Pharmacological Model
    I. Introduction
    II. Background
    III. Regulation of the Light-Mediated Activation of Retinal DA Neurons
    IV. GABA as a Transmitter in the Inner Nuclear Layer
    V. Evidence That a GABA Receptor Mechanism Affects the Activity of Retinal DA Neurons
    VI. The Effect of Barbiturates on Central GABA Pathways
    VII. Influence of Barbiturates on the Inhibitory Action of Muscimol on Light-Activated Retinal DA Neurons
    VIII. Further Use of the Retina and Retinal DA Neurons as a Pharmacological Model
    References
    Index