An Introduction to the Study of Fabrics of Geological Bodies

An Introduction to the Study of Fabrics of Geological Bodies introduces the reader to the method of fabric studies in accordance with the principles of symmetrology, with emphasis on the link between morphological and functional fabrics. Topics covered include affine and non-affine movement-pictures; movement and symmetry of tectonic deformation; tectonics and fluid mechanics; and movement and symmetry of apposition. Some examples of the use and definition of fabric studies are presented.
This book is divided into two parts and begins with an overview of the concepts and objectives of fabric studies, paying particular attention to symmetry and rhythm in morphological and functional fabrics; the movement-picture of affine deformations; and non-affine deformation by gliding on a single set of planes. The discussion then turns to the distribution of planar and linear parallel-fabrics in geological bodies; constructive restoration of earlier geometry of tectonic fabrics; tectonics of intrusives with a high susceptibility to componental movement; and mechanical deformation and metamorphism of rocks. The general characteristics of grain-fabrics are also described.
This monograph will be a useful resource for geologists and those working in the fields of mineralogy and petrography.

Contenu

Translators Preface

Extracts from Author's Prefaces

Part I. The General Study of Fabrics, and Work on a Scale from Profile to Sand-specimen

I. Introduction to Concepts

1. General Concepts and Aims of Fabric Studies

2. Time and Fabric

3. Symmetry and Rhythm in Morphological and Functional Fabrics

4. The Movement-Picture of Affine Deformations

5. Examples of Affine and non-affine Movement-Pictures

6. Deformations of Fold-forms by Affine Shear on a Single Set of Planes

7. Non-affine Deformation by Gliding on a Single Set of Planes. Rotations

8. Movement and Symmetry of Tectonic Deformation. Plans and Coordinates in Tectonic Domains

9. Symmetrological Consideration of Anisotropic Functional and Morphological Fabrics in Superimposition and Homogeneous Penetration

10. Mechanical Stress and Deformation in a Homogeneous Medium as an Example of Functional Fabrics

11. Tectonic Strength Properties and Fabrics

12. Joints and Ruptures. Planar and Linear Schistosity

13. Tectonics and Fluid Mechanics

14. Movement and Symmetry of Apposition

    II. The Treatment of Tectonic Analysis of Typical Fabrics Ranging in Scale from the Map to the Hand-specimen

15. Review of the Distribution of Planar and Linear Parallel-fabrics in Geological Bodies and of Appropriate Coordinate Axes

16. Plotting in Spherical Projection

17. B-axes and ß-axes

18. Time-relationship between Superimposed B-axes

19. Relative Direction of Componental Movements Perpendicular to B

20. Some Types of Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Tectonic Movement-pictures with Planar and Linear Parallel-fabrics (S-B-fabrics)

21. Constructive Restoration of Earlier Geometry of Tectonic Fabrics. Restoration to a Plane

    III. Some Examples of the Use and Definition of Fabric Studies

    A. Tectonics of Intrusives with a High Susceptibility to Componental Movement

    B. Tectonics of Extrusive Flows

    C. Fabrics and Surface Topography; "Fabric-relief"

    D. Common Characteristics in the Symmetrology of Geological and of Biological Forms

Part II. Grain-fabrics

A. Mechanical Deformation and Metamorphism of Rocks

B. General Characteristics of the Grain-fabric

1. Rock Fabric and Physical Field

2. Statistical Fabric of Distribution and of Direction (Geneity and Tropy)

3. Measurement of Geneity and Tropy of Petrographic Fabrics

4. Representative Point-fields and Rock Fabrics

5. Density of Material and of Grains in the Fabric-picture of Component Fabrics

   C. Optical Study and Representation of Grain-fabrics by Statistical Measurement of the Orientation of Anisotropic Fabric-elements

6. Introduction. Methods without a Universal Stage

7. Making and Plotting Universal Stage Measurements

8. Component Diagrams

9. Non-fortuitous Nature of Maxima and Minima in Grain-fabrics

10. Treatment of Diagrams (Rotation)

11. Sphere of Reference for Optical Vectors (Vo) and Genetic Vectors (Vg)

12. Preferred Orientation and the Process of Its Production

13. Characteristics of Homogeneous Distribution of Grains with Preferred Orientation

14. Equivalence of Measured Grains; Planimetric Diagrams

15. Summation of Diagrams; Synoptic Diagrams

    D. Axial Distribution Analysis (A.V.A.) and the Synthesis of Fabrics according to Location and Orientation of Grains (Topotropy of Fabrics)

    Direction-groups and Textural Layers with Individual Orientation in the Fabric

    Superimposition of A.V.A. Diagrams of Component Fabrics

    E. X-ray Analysis of the Grain-fabric

    X-ray Analysis of Quartzite's

    X-ray Analysis of Fabrics with Several Species of Grain

    Review and Comments

    F. General Features of Rock Fabrics

16. The Crystal as Fabric Grain

17. The Intergranular

18. Analysis of Inhomogeneous Grain-fabrics

19. Characteristic Data for the Grain-fabrics Apart from Orientation

20. Coordinates of the Grain-fabric

21. Production of Preferred Orientation in Homogeneous Domains

22. Grain-persistent Orientation with Homogeneous Distribution of Grains Distinguished only by their Attitude

23. Isolinear Structure of Grain-fabric Diagrams

24. Production of Preferred Orientation in Tectonites

25. Mechanical Fabric-orientation According to the Shape of Grain

26. Influence of Fabric Neighbors

27. Mimetic Crystallization in Grain-fabrics

28. Growth-fabrics and their Processes of Orientation

29. Internal Fabrics. Orientation of Speed-crystals

30. Correlated Concentrations

31. Compressed Rigid Fabrics

32. Review of the Behavior of Fabric Grains

33. Fabrics with Preferred Orientation of Smaller Elements and Grain-fabrics

    G. Fabrics of Quartz, Calcite and Mica as Examples of Analysis

    I. Quartz

    II. Quartz as an Example of Axial Distribution Analysis

    III.Fabrics of Quartz-axes and Fabrics of Quartz-lamellae as Examples of the Relationship of the Mechanism of the Grain to the Orientation Process

    IV. Calcite

    V. Mica

    H. Examples of Characteristic Grain-fabrics of Deformation and of Apposition

    I. Plane Parallel and Linear Parallel Grain-fabrics

    II. Rotated Fabrics

    III. Triclinic Tectonites with Typifiable Deformation (Oblique Girdle; B-B') and with Arbitrary Oblique Overprinting

    IV. Folded Fabrics

    V. Relations between Mechanical Strain and Crystallization

    VI. Heterokinetic Domains in the Grain-fabric (Pressure-shadows, etc.)

    VII. Magmatic Tectonites

    VIII. Grain-fabrics and Metamorphism

    IX. Apposition-fabrics

    I. The Diagrams

    Method of Investigation

References Cited in the Text

Additional References

Index

A.V.A. Translation