Biodiversity Conservation and Poverty Alleviation

Biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation are both
important societal goals demanding increasing international
attention. While they may seem to be unrelated, the international
policy frameworks that guide action to address them make an
explicit assumption that conserving biodiversity will help to
tackle global poverty. Part of the Conservation Science and
Practice Series published with the Zoological Society of
London, this book explores the validity of that assumption. The
book addresses a number of critical questions:

• Which aspects of biodiversity are of value to the poor?

• Does the relationship between biodiversity and poverty differ
  according to particular ecological conditions?

• How do different conservation interventions vary in their
  poverty impacts?

• How do distributional and institutional issues affect the
  poverty impacts of interventions?

• How do broader issues such as climate change and the global
  economic system affect the biodiversity - poverty
  relationship at different scales?

This volume will be of interest to policy-makers, practitioners
and researchers concerned with understanding the potential -
and limitations - of integrated approaches to biodiversity
conservation and poverty alleviation.

Auteur

Dilys Roe is a senior researcher in IIED's Natural
Resources Group and leads their work on biodiversity. Since 2004,
Dilys has coordinated the Poverty and Conservation Learning Group -
a network of organisations that is intended to improve dialogue on
poverty-conservation linkages. While the majority of Dilys' work
focusses on biodiversity-development/conservation-poverty issues,
she also has a research interest in community-based natural
resource management and community-based conservation;
ecosystem-based adaptation and high biodiversity REDD+.

Joanna Elliott is Vice President for Programme Design at
the African Wildlife Foundation and a Visiting Fellow in IIED's
Natural Resources Group. Joanna has worked extensively in the field
and at policy levels on biodiversity-development linkages, and has
led applied research programmes on land use economics, conservation
enterprise development and measuring the socio-economic impacts of
conservation.

Chris Sandbrook is a Lecturer in Conservation Leadership
at the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation
Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). In this role he helps to run the
Masters in Conservation Leadership course at the University of
Cambridge. Chris has diverse research interests, including the
implications of market-based approaches to conservation such as
ecotourism and REDD, the relationship between great ape
conservation and poverty alleviation, and the values held by those
working in conservation.

Matt Walpole is Head of the Ecosystem Assessment
Programme at UNEP-WCMC. In this role Matt oversees a diverse
portfolio focusing on improving the uptake and use of information
on biodiversity and its values, including its role in supporting
livelihoods and poverty alleviation, amongst policymakers.
Matt's research interests include a focus on
interdisciplinary approaches to conservation research and practice
and exploring the widespread links between poverty and
conservation.

Résumé

Biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation are both important societal goals demanding increasing international attention. While they may seem to be unrelated, the international policy frameworks that guide action to address them make an explicit assumption that conserving biodiversity will help to tackle global poverty. Part of the Conservation Science and Practice Series published with the Zoological Society of London, this book explores the validity of that assumption. The book addresses a number of critical questions:

• Which aspects of biodiversity are of value to the poor?
• Does the relationship between biodiversity and poverty differ according to particular ecological conditions?
• How do different conservation interventions vary in their poverty impacts?
• How do distributional and institutional issues affect the poverty impacts of interventions?
• How do broader issues such as climate change and the global economic system affect the biodiversity poverty relationship at different scales?
  This volume will be of interest to policy-makers, practitioners and researchers concerned with understanding the potential - and limitations - of integrated approaches to biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation.

Contenu

Contributors ix

Preface and Acknowledgements xiii

Introduction 1

1. Linking Biodiversity Conservation and Poverty Alleviation:
   What, Why and Where? 3

Dilys Roe, Joanna Elliott, Chris Sandbrook and Matt
Walpole

Part I Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services and Poverty -
The Potential for Synergies 19

2. The Potential, Realised and Essential Ecosystem Service
   Benefits of Biodiversity Conservation 21

Will R. Turner, Katrina Brandon, Thomas M. Brooks, Claude
Gascon,Holly K. Gibbs, Keith Lawrence, Russell A. Mittermeier and
Elizabeth R. Selig

3. Poverty Reduction and Biodiversity Conservation: Using the
   Concept of Ecosystem Services to Understand the Linkages 36

Heidi Wittmer, Augustin Bergh ofer and Pavan
Sukhdev

4. Dependence of the Poor on Biodiversity: Which Poor, What
   Biodiversity? 52

Bhaskar Vira and Andreas Kontoleon

Part II Biodiversity and Poverty Relationships in Different
Ecological Settings 85

5. Forests, Poverty and Conservation: An Overview of the Issues
   87

Brian Belcher

6. Biodiversity and Poverty in Coastal Environments 100

Jock Campbell and Philip Townsley

7. Linking Biodiversity and Poverty Alleviation in the Drylands
   
   • The Concept of 'Useful' Biodiversity 113

Michael Mortimore

8. Biodiversity Isn't Just Wildlife - Conserving
   Agricultural Biodiversity as a Vital Contribution to Poverty
   Reduction 127

Willy Douma

Part III Poverty Impacts of Different Conservation
Interventions 143

9. Does Conserving Biodiversity Work to Reduce Poverty? A State
   of Knowledge Review 145

Craig Leisher, M. Sanjayan, Jill Blockhus, S. Neil Larsen and
Andreas Kontoleon

10. Protected Areas - What People Say about Well-Being
    160

George Holmes and Dan Brockington

11. Species Conservation and Poverty Alleviation - The
    Case of Great Apes in Africa 173

Chris Sandbrook and Dilys Roe

12. Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) and
    Reducing Poverty in Namibia 191

Brian T.B. Jones, Anna Davis, Lara Diez and Richard W.
Diggle

13. Conservation Enterprise:What Works, Where and forWhom?
    206

Joanna Elliott and Daudi Sumba

Part IV Distributional and Institutional Issues 223

14. Payments for Environmental Services: Conservation with
    Pro-Poor Benefits 225

Sven Wunder and Jan Borner

15. Pastoralism and Conservation - Who Benefits? 239

Katherine Homewood, Pippa Chenevix Trench and Dan
Brockington

16. Local Organisations - An Entry Point for Conservation
    and Poverty Reduction 253

David H. L. Thomas

17. Poverty Reduction Isn't Just about Money: Community
    Perceptions of Conservation Benefits 270

Fikret Berkes

Part V Biodiversity and Poverty Relationships in the Context
of Global Challenges 287

18. Biodiversity, Poverty and Climate Change: New Challenges and
    Opportunities 289

Kathy MacKinnon

19. Conservation in the Anthropocene: Biodiversity, Poverty and
    Sustainability 304

William M. Adams

20. Tackling Global Poverty: What Contribution Can Biodiversity
    and Its Conservation Really Make? 316

Dilys Roe, Joanna Elliott, Chris Sandbrook and …