Bio Monomers for Green Polymeric Composite Materials

Presents new and innovative bio-based monomers to replace traditional petrochemical-based building blocks

Featuring contributions from top experts in the field, this book discusses new developments in the area of bio monomers and green polymeric composite materials. It covers bio monomers, green polymeric composites, composites from renewable resources, bio-sourced polymers, green composites, biodegradation, processing methods, green polymeric gels, and green polymeric membranes.

Each chapter in Bio Monomers for Green Polymeric Composites Materials presents the most recent research and technological ideas in a comprehensive style. It examines bio monomers for green polymer and the processing methods for the bio nanocomposites. It covers the preparation, characterization, and applications of bio-polymeric materials based blends, as well as the applications of biopolymeric gels in medical biotechnology. The book also explores the properties and applications of gelatins, pectins, and carrageenans gels. Additionally, it offers a plethora of information on green polymeric membranes; the bio-degradation of green polymeric composites materials; applications of green polymeric composites materials; hydrogels used for biomedical applications; and the use of natural aerogels as thermal insulations.

• Introduces readers to the innovative, new bio-based monomers that are taking the place of traditional petrochemical-based building blocks

• Covers green polymers, green composites, bio-sourced polymers, bio nanocomposites, biodegradable polymers, green polymer gels, and membranes

• Features input from leading researchers immersed in the area of study

Bio Monomers for Green Polymeric Composites Materials is suitable for academics, researchers, scientists, engineers and advanced students in the field of bio monomers and green polymeric composites materials.

Auteur

P.M. Visakh, MSc, MPhil, PhD, is Assistant Professor at TUSUR University, Tomsk, Russia. Oguz Bayraktar, MSc, PhD, is Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Ege University, Turkey. Gopalakrishnan Menon, MSc, PhD, works at the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Tomsk State University, Russia.

Contenu
List of Contributors xi

Preface xv

1 Biomonomers for Green Polymers: Introduction 1
P. M. Visakh

1.1 Processing Methods for Bionanocomposites 1

1.2 Biopolymeric Material-based Blends: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications 4

1.3 Applications of Biopolymeric Gels in Medical Biotechnology 5

1.4 Introduction to Green Polymeric Membranes 6

1.5 Properties and Applications of Gelatin, Pectin, and Carrageenan Gels 7

1.6 Biodegradation of Green Polymeric Composite Materials 9

1.7 Applications of Green Polymeric Composite Materials 10

1.8 Constituents, Fabrication, Crosslinking, and Clinical Applications of Hydrogels 11

1.9 Natural Aerogels as Thermal Insulation 13

References 14

2 Processing Methods for Bionanocomposites 25
*Dipali R. Bagal-Kestwal, M.H. Pan and Been-Huang Chiang*

2.1 Introduction 25

2.2 Classification of NBCs 26

2.2.1 Matrix-based NBCs 26

2.2.1.1 Polysaccharide Nanocomposites 26

2.2.1.2 Animal Protein-based Nanocomposites 28

2.2.1.3 Plant Protein-based Nanocomposites 29

2.2.2 Reinforcement-based NBCs 29

2.2.2.1 Metal Nanocomposites 30

2.2.2.2 Inorganic Nanocomposites 31

2.3 General Processing Methods for NBCs 31

2.3.1 Pressure Extrusion 32

2.3.2 Solid-state Shear Pulverization 32

2.3.3 Electrospinning and Co-axial Electrospinning 33

2.3.4 Solution Casting and Evaporation 34

2.3.5 Melt Intercalation Method 34

2.3.6 In Situ Polymerization 35

2.3.7 Drying Techniques (Freeze-drying and Hot Pressing) 35

2.3.8 Polymer Grafting 36

2.4 Properties of NBCs 37

2.5 Future and Applications of NBCs 37

Acknowledgments 37

References 38

3 Biopolymeric Material-based Blends: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications 57
*Muhammad Abdur Rehman and Zia ur Rehman*

3.1 Introduction 57

3.2 State of the Art in Biopolymeric Blends 58

3.3 Preparative Methods for Blend Formation 58

3.4 Blend Preparation by the Melting Process 59

3.5 Aqueous Blending Technology 60

3.6 Hydrophilic or Hydrophobic Biopolymeric Blends 63

3.6.1 Biopolymeric Blends of Starch and Polylactic Acid 64

3.6.1.1 Maleic Anhydride-grafted PLA Chains 65

3.6.1.2 Polycaprolactone-grafted Polysaccharide Copolymers 65

3.6.2 Hydrolytic Degradability of Biopolymeric Blends 65

3.6.3 Thermodynamics of Miscibility with Additives 66

3.6.3.1 Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate 66

3.6.3.2 Dioctyl Maleate 67

3.6.3.3 Polyvinyl Alcohols 67

3.6.3.4 Poly(hydroxyester ether) 67

3.6.3.5 Poly(𝛽-hydroxybutyrate)-co-3-hydroxyvalerate 67

3.6.3.6 Poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-3-hydroxyvaleric acid) 67

3.6.4 Poly(hydroxyalkanoate) 68

3.6.4.1 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) 68

3.7 Opportunities and Challenges 68

3.8 Summary 69

References 69

4 Applications of Biopolymeric Gels in Medical Biotechnology 77
Zulal Yalinca and Sükrü Tüzmen

4.1 Introduction 77

4.1.1 Historical Background 77

4.1.2 Classification of Hydrogels 77

4.1.3 Preparation Methods of Hydrogels 80

4.1.3.1 Physical Crosslinked Hydrogels 81

4.1.3.2 Chemical Crosslinked Hydrogels 81

4.1.3.3 General Properties of Hydrogels 81

4.2 Types of Biopolymeric Gels 81

4.3 Applications of Biopolymeric Gel 84

4.3.1 Applications of Hydrogels in Drug-delivery Systems 86

4.3.2 Applications of Hydrogels in siRNA and Peptide-based Therapeutics 87

4.3.3 Applications of Hydrogels in Wound Healing, Tissue Engineering, and Regenerative Medicine 88

4.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 88 References 8...