Bacterial Energetics

Bacterial Energetics deals with bacterial energetics and the molecular basis of how ions move between and within energy-transducing molecules. Topics covered range from respiration-driven proton pumps and primary sodium pumps to light-driven primary ionic pumps, bacterial transport ATPases, and bacterial photosynthesis. Sodium-coupled cotransport and ion-exchange systems in prokaryotes are also considered.
This volume is comprised of 17 chapters and begins with an analysis of the pumps and processes that establish electrochemical ion gradients across bacterial membranes, followed by a discussion on the major types of bioenergetic work that utilize these gradients. The energetics of periplasmic transport systems, chemolithotrophs, methanogens, and protein insertion and translocation into or across membranes are also examined, along with bioenergetics in extreme environments such as high-pressure and high-temperature environments; energetic problems of bacterial fermentations; energetics of bacterial motility; and energetics of the bacterial phosphotransferase system in sugar transport and the regulation of carbon metabolism.
This book should be of interest to molecular biologists and biochemists.

Contenu

Preface

1. Respiration-Driven Proton Pumps

   I. Introduction

   II. Cytochrome aa3-Type Oxidase

   III. Cytochrome o-Type and d-Type Oxidases

   IV. Cytochrome bc-b6f Complex

   V. NADH Dehydrogenase and Complex I

   VI. Energy-Transducing Components Other than Complexes I-IV

   VII. Epilogue

   References

2. Primary Sodium Pumps and Their Significance in Bacterial Energetics

   I. Introduction

   II. Respiration-Driven Sodium Pump

   III. Decarboxylase-Driven Sodium Pump

   IV. ATP-Driven Sodium Pump

   V. Significance of Primary Sodium Pumps in Energetics

   References

3. Light-Driven Primary Ionic Pumps

   I. Introduction

   II. Transport Physiology of the Halobacteria

   III. Structure of Bacterial Rhodopsins

   IV. The Retinal Chromophore

   V. The Photocycle

   VI. Photoelectric Effects in Oriented Bacteriorhodopsin and Halorhodopsin Systems

   VII. Ion Translocation Models

   VIII. Summary and Prospects

   References

4. Bacterial Transport ATPases

   I. Introduction

   II. P-Type ATPases

   III. Peripheral Membrane Protein ATPases

   IV. Other ATP-Driven Systems

   V. Summary and Overview

   References

5. Bacterial Photosynthesis: From Photons to p

   I. Introduction

   II. Taxonomy

   III. Habitats

   IV. Pigments

   V. The Antenna System

   VI. Photochemical Reaction Centers

   VII. The Cytochrome bc1 Complex

   VIII. Noncyclic Electron Flow

   IX. Consumption of the Proton Gradient

   References

6. Active Transport: Membrane Vesicles, Bioenergetics, Molecules, and Mechanisms

   I. Introduction

   II. Membrane Vesicles and Active Transport

   III. Bioenergetics

   IV. Molecules: The lac Permease of Escherichia coli

   V. Use of Oligonucleotide-Directed Site-Specific Mutagenesis to Probe the Structure and Function of lac Permease

   References

7. Sodium-Coupled Cotransport

   I. Introduction

   II. Na+ Cotransport in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium: Paradigms

   III. Na+ Cotransport in Other Bacteria

   IV. Recognition of Na+

   V. Summary

   References

8. Energetics of Periplasmic Transport Systems

   I. Introduction

   II. General Characteristics of Periplasmic Permeases

   III. Transport Models

   IV. Energy Coupling

   V. Universality of the Conserved Component: Relationship to Energy Coupling

   VI. Conclusions

   References

9. Ion-Exchange Systems in Prokaryotes

   I. Introduction

   II. Cation-Linked Antiporters

   III. Amino Acid-Linked Antiporters

   IV. Anion Antiporters

   References

10. Energetics of the Bacterial Phosphotransferase System in Sugar Transport and the Regulation of Carbon Metabolism

    I. Introduction

    II. Energetics of Sugar Transport via the Phosphotransferase System (PTS)

    III. Regulation of PTS Sugar Uptake

    IV. Energetics of the PTS in Relation to Other Carbohydrate Permeases

    V. Regulation of Non-PTS Sugar Uptake

    VI. Energetics of Gluconeogenesis

    VII. PTS-Mediated Regulation of Gluconeogenesis

    VIII. Energetics of Anaerobic versus Aerobic Carbohydrate Metabolism

    IX. Regulation of Anaerobic versus Aerobic Carbohydrate Metabolism

    X. PTS-Mediated Regulation of Virulence

    XI. Conclusions and Perspectives

    References

11. Motility

    I. Introduction

    II. Mechanics

    III. Energetics

    IV. Structure

    V. Mechanism

    VI. Summary

    References

12. Molecular Mechanics of ATP Synthesis of F1F0-Type H+-Transporting ATP Syntheses

    I. Introduction

    II. The Site of the Transphosphorylation Reaction in F1

    III. Structure of H+-Translocating F0 Sector

    IV. Molecular Mechanics in Coupling H+ Translocation to ATP Synthesis

    References

13. Energetic Aspects of Protein Insertion and Translocation into or across Membranes

    I. Introduction

    II. The Involvement of an Energized Membrane in Bacterial Protein Insertion and Translocation

    III. ATP-Dependent Protein Translocation

    IV. Translocation of Lipoprotein

    V. Conclusion and Perspectives

    References

14. Bioenergetics in Extreme Environments

    I. Introduction

    II. Extremes of pH

    III. High Salinity

    IV. Extreme Temperatures

    V. High Pressure

    VI. Conclusions

    References

15. Energetic Problems of Bacterial Fermentations: Extrusion of Metabolic End Products

    I. Introduction

    II. Passive Flux of Metabolites

    III. Lactate Efflux and the Energy-Recycling Model

    IV. Transport of Metabolites of the Arginine and Agmatine Deiminase Pathways

    V. Concluding Remarks

    References

16. Energetics of Chemolithotrophs

    I. Introduction

    II. Chemolithotrophic Energy Substrates and Their Oxidation

    III. Electron Transport and Terminal Electron-Accepting Systems

    IV. Formation of ATP and Reduced NAD(P) in Chemolithotrophs

    V. Chemiosmotic Energy Coupling in Chemolithotrophy

    VI. Chemical Thermodynamics, Energetic Efficiency, and Growth Yields

    VII. The yATP Concept Applied to Chemolithotrophs

    VIII. Bioenergetic Unity and the Chemolithotrophs

    References

17. Energetics of Methanogens

    I. Introduction

    II. Physiology of Methanogens

    III. Biochemistry of Methanogenesis

    IV. Synthesis of ATP Coupled to Methanogenesis

    V. Sodium Energetics in Methanogens

    VI. Concluding Remarks

    References

Index