B-Endorphin

Hormonal Proteins and Peptides: ß-Endorphin, Volume X focuses on the chemistry, biology, and clinical investigations of opioid peptides. This book discusses the chemical approach in isolating a chemical entity from its natural source and investigates its biological activity after it has been determined to be a pure substance.
Organized into nine chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the structure-activity relationship of ß-endorphin (ß-EP) by synthetic approach. This text then explores the proteinases involved in the generation of opioid peptides, including ß-EP from ß-lipotropin (ß-LPH). Other chapters review the biosynthesis of ß-EP and consider in detail the opiate receptor. This book discusses as well the anatomy of ß-EP-containing structures in pituitary and brain. The final chapter presents a discussion on the historical aspects of opiate-peptide discoveries, particularly in the field of narcotic antagonists.
This book is a valuable resource for chemists, biologists, endocrinologists, physicians, and neurobiologists.

Contenu

Contributors

Preface

Contents of Previous Volumes

1 ß-Endorphin: Synthetic Analogs and Structure-Activity Relationships

I. Introduction

II. Synthesis of ß-Endorphin and Analogs

III. Structure-Activity Relationship by Synthetic Approach

IV. Concluding Remarks

References

2 Characterization of Proteinases Involved in the Generation of Opioid Peptides from ß-Lipotropin

I. Introduction

II. Hypophyseal and Brain Opioid Peptides Structurally Homologous to ß-LPH

III. Hypophyseal and Brain Proteinases Generating Opioid Peptides from ß-LPH

IV. The Regulatory Role of Adenohypophyseal Tryps in-like Proteinases in the Biosynthesis of ß-EP/ACTH

V. Subcellular Fractionation of Adenohypophyseal Trypsin-like Proteinases

VI. Purification and Biochemical Characterization of Secretory Granule Bound Trypsin-like Proteinases of the Adenohypophysis

VII. Characterization and Isolation of a Brain Proteinase That Generates -Endorphin from ß-Endorphin: Identification with Lysosomal Cathepsin D

VIII. The Conversion of ß-Endorphin into a- and -Endorphins, Met-Enkephalin, and Other Fragments: Metabolism and/or Biotransformation?

IX. Concluding Remarks

References

3 Biosynthesis of ß-Endorphin from Proopiomelanocortin

I. Introduction

II. Biosynthesis and Segregation of the Proproteins

III. Maturation of the Secretory Proteins

IV. Biosynthesis of ß-Endorphin, MSHs, and ACTH from Proopiomelanocortin

V. Structure of Proopiomelanocortin

VI. Conclusions

References

4 The Opiate Receptor

I. Introduction

II. Relationship of Opiate Binding to Pharmacological Effects

III. Characteristics of Opiate Binding

IV. Relationship of Opiate Binding to Other Cellular Processes

V. Isolation of Opiate Binding Material

VI. Biological Roles of the Opiate Receptor

VII. Summary and Future Directions

References

5 Anatomy of ß-Endorphin-Containing Structures in Pituitary and Brain

I. Introduction

II. Immunocytochemistry: General Techniques, Strengths, and Weaknesses

III. ß-Endorphin, ß-Lipotropin, ACTH, and Related Peptides

IV. Conclusion

References

6 Neurobiology of ß-Endorphin and Related Peptides

I. Introduction

II. Electrophysiology and Neurotransmitter Interactions

III. ß-Endorphin: Electroencephalographic Effects and Seizures

IV. Endorphin-Neuroendocrine Interactions

V Endorphin Involvement in Analgesia

VI. Thermoregulation and Endorphins

VII. Respiration and Endorphin Involvement

VIII. Endorphins in Cardiovascular Function

IX. Perspectives and Conclusions

References

7 Studies of ß-Endorphin in Patients with Mental Illness

I. Endorphins in Schizophrenia

II. Endorphins in Affective Disorders

III. Clinical Studies

References

8 Studies of ß-Endorphin in Patients with Pain and Drug Addiction

I. Introduction

II. Pharmacokinetics

III. Analgesia

IV. Opiate Dependence

V. Physiologic Effects

VI. Side Effects

VII. Summary and Conclusions

References

9 The Props for Opiate-Peptide Discoveries and Research

I. Chauncey Depew Leake (1896-1978)

II. Development of Narcotic Antagonists

III. Pharmacology and Application of Antagonists

References

Index