Translation Engines: Techniques for Machine Translation

Machine translation (MT) is the area of computer science and applied linguistics dealing with the translation of human languages such as English and German.
MT on the Internet has become an important tool by providing fast, economical and useful translations. With globalisation and expanding trade, demand for translation is set to grow.
Translation Engines covers theoretical and practical aspects of MT, both classic and new, including:

• Character sets and formatting languages
• Translation memory
• Linguistic and computational foundations
• Basic computational linguistic techniques
• Transfer and interlingua MT
• Evaluation
  Software accompanies the text, providing readers with hands on experience of the main algorithms.

Contenu

1 Background.- 1 Introduction.- 1.1 Computers in Translation.- 1.2 History of Machine Translation.- 1.3 Strategies for Machine Translation.- 1.4 Artificial Intelligence.- 1.5 Conclusion.- 2 Basic Terminology and Background.- 2.1 Linguistics.- 2.2 Formal Background.- 2.3 Review of Prolog.- 2.4 Conclusion.- 2 Machine-Aided Translation.- 3 Text Processing.- 3.1 Format Preservation.- 3.2 Character Sets and Typography.- 3.3 Input Methods.- 3.4 Conclusion.- 4 Translator's Workbench and Translation Aids.- 4.1 Translator's Workbench.- 4.2 Translation Memory.- 4.3 Bilingual Alignment.- 4.4 Subsentential Alignment.- 4.5 Conclusion.- 3 Machine Translation.- 5 Computational Linguistics Techniques.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Computational Morphology and the Two-level Model.- 5.3 Syntactic Analysis.- 5.4 Parsing.- 5.5 Generation.- 5.6 Conclusion.- 6 Transfer Machine Translation.- 6.1 Syntactic Transfer MT.- 6.2 Semantic Transfer MT.- 6.3 Lexicalist MT.- 6.4 Conclusion.- 7 Interlingua Machine Translation.- 7.1 Lexical Conceptual Structure MT.- 7.2 Knowledge-Based Machine Translation.- 7.3 Conclusion.- 8 Other Approaches to MT.- 8.1 Example-Based Machine Translation.- 8.2 Statistical Machine Translation.- 8.3 Minimal Recursion Semantics.- 8.4 Constraint Systems.- 8.5 Conclusion.- 4 Common Issues.- 9 Disambiguation.- 9.1 POS Tagging.- 9.2 Disambiguation of Syntactic Analysis.- 9.3 Word Sense Disambiguation.- 9.4 Transfer Disambiguation.- 9.5 Conclusion.- 10 Evaluation.- 10.1 Evaluation Participants.- 10.2 Evaluation Strategies.- 10.3 Quality Measures.- 10.4 Software Evaluation.- 10.5 Software User Needs.- 10.6 Conclusion.- 11 Conclusion.- 11.1 Trends.- 11.2 Further Reading.- Appendix: Useful Resources.