Archaeology of Manila Galleon Seaports and Early Maritime Globalization

This book focuses on the archaeological and historical research on the seaport heritage of galleon navigation in Asia-Pacific region. It reconstructs the Manila Galleons' era of early maritime globalization, established and operated by Spanish navigators from the 16th to 19th centuries. The galleons sailed across the Pacific via the hub seaports and trade centers of Manila in the Philippines and Acapulco in Mexico, forming a prosperous sea route connecting eastern Asia and New Spain on the American continent for more than 250 years. This pioneering navigation of the pan-Pacific regions promoted early global maritime trade along the new Maritime Silk Road between the East and the West. Written by archaeologists and cultural historians from America, Mexico, Japan, the Philippines, Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan, it presents the latest investigations and research on the galleon-affiliated seaports, including Acapulco and San Blas in Mexico, Guam, Manila in Philippines, Yuegang (Crescent Harbor), Xiamen (Amoy), Keelung and Macao in China, Nagasaki in Japan. This joint research sheds new light on the history of navigation and maritime trade between galleon-affiliated harbors; the origin, production, transport and trade of the galleon cargo; social cultural exchange along the new Maritime Silk Road in the pan-Pacific region; and the history of maritime globalization in last 500 years. It offers a new perspective on maritime archaeology and traces the different stages of the galleon trade and affiliated maritime history, including "Yuegang Outbound", "Manila Entrepotting" and "Bound for Acapulco", presenting a panoramagram of Spanish pan-Pacific trade and early maritime globalization.

Auteur
Chunming Wu ( B.A. and M.A. in Archaeology and PH.D. in Chinese History from Xiamen University) is currently a researcher at Xiamen University's Center for Maritime Archaeology. Dr. Wu's interests are in the field of maritime archaeology, and the prehistoric culture and early aboriginal ethno- history of southeast China and Southeast Asia. He was awarded a visiting scholarship by the American Council of Learned Society & Luce Foundation at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, and Harvard Yenching Institute, Harvard University.
He has published 6 monographs: Archaeological Research of the History and Cultures of Prehistoric Aboriginals in Southeast China (1999), Archaeological Research of Capital of Min-Yue Kingdom of Han Dynasty(1998), The Shipwreck Archaeology in Seas Surrounding China (2003), Maritime Archaeology (2007), The Maritime Cultural Interaction between Indigenous Yue and Austronesian (2012), The Archaeological and Historical Research on the Maritime Cultural Heritage (2016), and more than 150 academic papers.
Roberto Junco Sanchez is an archaeological researcher and underwater archaeologist. He graduated from the National School of Anthropology and History in Mexico City with a master's degree and a PhD, and also holds a diploma in Historical Archaeology from Leicester University. Since 2004, he has worked at the Underwater Archaeology department at the National Institute of Anthropology and History. He has worked on projects in Veracruz, Campeche and Guerrero, and surveyed in the Gulf of Mexico for the lost galleons of the 1631 fleet. He has written on diverse topics, such as historical archaeology, Chinese porcelain in Mexico, and the prehispanic rituality of Mexico. He is currently excavating the Manila Galleonsat the port of Acapulco.
Miao Liu holds a PH.D. in Archaeology and Museology from Nankai University, and is an Associate Professor of Archaeology at the Department of History of Xiamen University. Her focus is maritime archaeology and the history of Chinese export ceramics. She was a Visiting Scholar at the Archaeology Institute of UCLA, USA. She has published numerous papers on the topic of maritime history, ceramic cultural history and southeast China's Maritime Silk Road.

Contenu

Introduction

Panel 1 Yuegang OutboundThe Archaeology of Yuegang as the Key Transit Terminal for Manila Galleon

1 Bound for AmericaA Historical and Archaeological Investigation in Yuegang (crescent) Seaport as the Main Origin of Galleon Cargo

Chunming Wu ( )

1.1 History: The Rising and Developing of the Yuegang Seaport as the Main Terminals Transiting Galleon Cargo in Mainland Eastern Asia

1.1.1 Yuegang Had Been the Intermediate Segment in the Successively Developing System of Ancient Seaports of the Min () Area.

1.1.2 Yuegang-Manila Navigation Developed for the Trading with Spanish Galleon and Connecting with early Maritime Globalization

1.2 Archaeology: Cultural Heritages of Harbors, Shipwrecks and Kilns of Exported Ceramic Around Yuegang Region as the Result of Flourishing Navigation to Manila

1.2.1 A Preliminary Investigation of the Cultural Heritages of Yuegang

1.2.2 The Distribution and Content of Kilns of Exported Kraak Ceramics in the Lower Reach Watershed of Jiulongjiang River

1.2.3 Underwater Archaeology of the Shipwrecks Originally Destinating to Manila

1.3 Conclusion

References

2 The Cultural Change of Kilns and Content of Export Ceramics on the Perspective of Development of Zhangzhou Seaports during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

Miao Liu ()

2.1 The Rising of the Maritime Trade in Zhangzhou Bay in the Mid-Ming Dynasty and Its Maritime Transportation of Export Porcelains

2.2 The Flourishing of Yuegang in the Mid and Late Ming Dynasty and Its Exportation of Zhangzhou Kiln Products

2.3 The Emerging of the New Maritime Order in the Late Ming Dynasty and the Exportation of Jingdezhen Porcelains

2.4 The Maritime Transporting of Porcelain Controlled by the Koxinga Overseas Trade Group in the Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties

2.5 The Developing of Xiamen Seaport in Qing Dynasty and Its Transportation of Porcelains in the South China Sea

References

3 The Investigation and Preliminary Analysis of Nan'ao No.I Shipwreck in Guangdong

Chunshui Zhou ()

3.1 The Remnants of Nan'ao No.I Shipwreck Site

3.1.1 The Discovery of Wooden Hull Structure

3.1.2 The Distribution of the Loaded Cargo

3.2 Category and Content of the Artifacts

3.2.1 Category of the Artifacts

3.2.2 Important Types of Exported Porcelain

3.2.3 Origins of the Porcelains of Nan'ao No.I Shipwreck

3.3 Discussions

3.3.1 Analysis on the Hull Structure of Nan'ao No.I Shipwreck

3.3.2 The Transportation of Jingdezhen Exported Porcelains on Perspective of Nan'ao No. I Shipwreck

3.3.3 The Reconstruction of Sea Route of Nan'ao No.I Shipwreck

References

4 A Historical Review on the Social-Cultural Impact of Yuegang-Manila Navigation on the Ancient Chinese Civilization.

Chunming Wu()

4.1 The Domesticated Grains Imported from America Enriched Farming Products of Ancient China

4.1.1 Sweet Potato 4.1.2 Maize

4.1.3 Tomato

4.1.4 Tobacco

4.2 The Exotic Products from European and New Spain Promoted the Innovation of the Chinese Traditional Handcraft Industry

4.2.1 Silver Materials and Silver Coin of New Spain

4.2.2 Ferangi Firearm

4.3 The Influence of the European Architecture and the Emergence of the Red Brick Building in Southern Fujian and Eastern Guangdong.

4.4 Conclusion

References

Panel 2, Manila Entrepotting: Discovery of Galleon Trade Heritage at Manila, Macao, Keelung and Nagasaki

5 An Analysis on the Chinese Porcelain in the Manila Galleon …