Biochemistry of the amino acids

Biochemistry of the Amino Acids, Second Edition, Volume II focuses on the trends in research on amino acids and biochemistry. Given considerations are incorporation of amino acids into proteins, amino acid sequences, and discovery of amino acids.
The first part of the book deals with intermediary metabolism of amino acids. Particularly noted are alanine, aspartic, adenylosuccinic, hydroxyaspartic acids, and asparagine. The book also has discussions on glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, serine, and sarcosine. The processes and syntheses involved in these acids are noted. Another part of the book focuses on the formation, degradation, reactions, and conversion of acids. The processes and experiments discussed are supported by numerical analysis, and the biosynthesis of acids in microorganisms is also considered. The book also notes some disorders of amino acid metabolism in humans. These disorders include cystinuria, glycinuria, ammonemia, prolinemia, maple syrup urine disease, and homocystinuria. Discussions focus on how these diseases develop and the symptoms associated with them.
The book is a vital source of data for readers interested in the study of amino acids.

Contenu

Preface to the Second Edition
Acknowledgments
Contents of Volume I
Tables and Figures
Metabolism Summary Schemes
Chapter VI. Intermediary Metabolism of theamino Acids
A. General Considerations
B. Alanine
C. ß-Alanine and ß-Aminoisobutyric Acid
Biosynthesis
Degradation
D. Aspartic Acid and Asparagine
General Considerations
Asparagine
Convertion of Aspartate to Fumarate
ß-Methylaspartic Acid
Adenylosuccinic Acid
Hydroxyaspartic Acid
Synthesis of the Pyrimidine Ring
Other Reaction of Aspartic Acid
E. Glutamic Acid and Glutamine
General Considirations
the Mesaconate Pathway
Metabolism of L-and D-Glutamic Acids in Animals
Glutathione
Glutamine
Degcarboxylation of Glutamic Acid
Synthesis of the Purine Ring
F. Glycine, Serine, and Sarcosine
Formation and Degradation of Glycine
Synthesis of Creatine and Creatinine
Porphyrin Synthesis
Glycine-Serine Interconversion; Folic Acid Derivatives
Biosynthesis of Serine from Carbohydrate
Relationships Between Serine, 2-Aminoethanol, Choline, and Sarcosine
Degradation of Serine
Sphingosine
Lombricine and Serine-Aminoethanol Phosphodiester
Other Reactions of Glycine and Serine
G. Threonine
Biosynthesis
Degradation
Threonine Dehydrases
Hydroxyamino Acid Aldolases
Conversion of Threonine to Aminoacetone
Incorporation of Threonine Carbon into Vitamin B12
H. Arginine, Ornithine, and Citrulline; Urea Synthesis
General Considerations
Formation of Arginine
Formation of Carbamyl Phosphate and Citrulline
Alternate Pathways of Urea Formation
Other Pathways of Carbamyl Phosphate Formation
Arginine Desimidase
Canavanine
Other Reactions of Arginine and Ornithine
I. Proline
Biosynthesis of Proline in Microorganisms
Biosynthesis of Ornithine in Microorganisms
Metabolism in Mammals
J. 4-Hydroxyproline
General Considerations
Conversion of Proline to Collagen Hydroxyproline
Degradation
K. Valine, Isoleucine, and Leucine
Biosynthesis of Valine and Isoleucine
Biosynthesis of Leucine
Degradation of Leucine
Conversion of Leucine to Isoprenoid Compounds
Degradation of Valine
Degradation of Isoleucine
Degradation of Straight-Chain Amino Acids
Conversion of Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine to Other Product
L. Methionine and Cysteine
General Considerations
The Cystathionine Pathway
Transmethylation
Synthesis of Methionine
Other Reactions of Methionine
S-Methylcysteine
Biosynthesis of Cysteine
The Cysteine Desulfhydrase Reaction
Desulfuration and Transsulfuration of ß-Mercaptopyruvic Acid
Alliinase
Cysteine and Glutathione Reductases
Conversion of Cysteine to Cysteinesulfinic Acid, Taurine, and Related Compounds
Thiosulfate Utilization and Formation
Other Products of Cysteine Metabolism
M. Histidine
Biosynthesis
Degradative Metabolism
The Urocanic Acid Pathway
Histamine
Other Products of Histidine Metabolism
N. Tryptophan
Biosynthesis
Metabolism
General Considerations
Conversion to Kynurenine, Nicotinic Acid, and Related Compounds
Other Reactions of Kynurenine and Derivatives
Metabolism of Anthranilic Acid
5-Hydroxytryptophan and its Metabolites
Utilization of Tryptophan for the Formation of Plant Growth Hormone
Other Products of Tryptophan Metabolism
O. Phenylalanine and Tyrosine
Biosynthesis in Microorganisms
Metabolic Transformation in Animals
Epinephrine and Related Compounds
Thyroxine and Related Compounds
Melanin
Other Reactions of Tyrosine and Phenylalanine
P. Lysine
Biosynthesis
Diaminopimelic Pathway
Aminoadipic Acid Pathway
Degradation
Other Reactions of Lysine
Hydroxylysine
References
Chapter VII. Some Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism in Man
A. Introduction
B. Aminoaciduria
Introduction
Cystinuria
Glycinuria
Generalized Aminoaciduria
Aminoaciduria of the "Overflow" Type
C. Excretion of ß-Aminoisobutyric Acid
D. Disorders of Glycine and Glyoxylate Metabolism
Glycinemia
Hyperoxaluria
E. Phosphoaminoethanol Metabolism
Hypophosphatasia
F. Metabolism of Ammonia, Arginine, Citrulline, and Ornithine
Introduction
Argininosuccinic Aciduria
Ammonemia
Citrullinuria
G. Metabolism of Hydroxyproline and Proline
Hydroxyprolinemia
Prolinemia
H. Metabolism of Isoleucine, Leucine, and Valine
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Propionate Metabolism
I. Methionine Metabolism
Cystathioninuria
Homocystinuria
J. Histidine Metabolism
Histidinemia
Cerebromacular Degeneration
Mastocytosis
K. Tryptophan Metabolism
Hartnup Diseas
Carcinoid
L. Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism
Alcaptonuria
Excretion of Tyrosine and p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic Acid
Albinism
Pheochromocytoma and Neuroblastoma
Thyroid Hormones
Phenylpyruvic Oligophrenia
References
Author Index
Subject Index for Volumes I and II