Gravity, Magnetic and Electromagnetic Gradiometry (Second Edition)

Gradiometry is concerned with the extraction of useful information from the spatial variation of the gravity, magnetic and electric fields that exist naturally on Earth and other planets. It is a complex multidisciplinary area that combines theoretical and applied physics, ultra-low noise electronics, precision engineering, and advanced signal processing. With applications including the search for oil, gas, and mineral resources, GPS-free navigation, defence, space missions and medical research there has been considerable investment into the development of various types of gradiometers driven by the extremely valuable type of information they reveal.

This book describes gravity gradiometers, magnetic gradiometers, and electromagnetic (EM) gradiometers. The first two do not require any active sources of the primary physical fields whose gradients are measured, such as gravity and ambient magnetic fields. EM gradiometers do require a primary EM field, pulsed, or sinusoidal, which propagates through media and creates a secondary EM field, which contains information about the non-uniformness of electromagnetically active media such as conductivity and magnetic permeability contrasts. These anomalies are the boundaries of mineral deposits, oil and gas traps, underground water reserves, buried artefacts, unexploded ordnance, nuclear submarines, and even cancerous human tissue.

The author provides readers with a comprehensive and up to date overview of the history, applications, and current developments in relation to some of the most advanced technologies in the 21st Century, especially regarding future challenges in natural resource exploration in the changing energy supply environment and a post COVID world. This new edition also incorporates the most important new directions bringing fresh ideas into the field, including quantum or quantum-enabled sensing and miniaturization of the operational environment in which gradiometers should function.

Auteur

Alexey Veryaskin, PhD, is the Director and Founder of Trinity Research Labs, an independent R&D laboratory based at the School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing of the University of Western Australia (UWA). He is an Adjunct Professor and a member of the UWA Quantum Technologies and Dark Matter Research Laboratory (QDM Lab). He received his MSc degree in electronic engineering in 1973 and PhD in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics in 1982. In his early career, he spent 12 years as a research fellow at the Sternberg State Astronomical Institute of the Moscow State University specialising in precise gravity measurements. He also was specialising in Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices applied to gravimetry and gravity gradiometry. In 1991, he was invited to join a team of researchers at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow (Scotland, UK) where he was working on a superconducting gravity gradiometer and some aspects of the Satellite Test of Equivalence Principle (STEP), a European space mission. In 1995 he moved to New Zealand where he patented a Direct String Gravity Gradiometer, a technology that attracted significant investment from the private sector ad various institutions and government agencies in a number of countries across the globe. He also invented a Direct String Magnetic Gradiometer technology and an Extremely Low Frequency Interferometric System (ELFISTM) which has found its application for breast cancer early-detection research and is currently under development at UWA. Dr Veryaskin moved permanently to Perth (Western Australia) in 2005, and has been working since on various applications of gravity, magnetic, and electromagnetic gradiometry. Currently, he is working on a novel Gravity Gradiometer module (nicknamed TAIPAN) in collaboration with Lockheed Martin Corporation (USA), that has been recently patented jointly by the Trinity Research Labs and the QDM Lab.

Texte du rabat

Gradiometry is a multidisciplinary area that combines theoretical and applied physics, ultra-low noise electronics, precision engineering, and advanced signal processing. Applications include the search for oil, gas, and mineral resources, GPS-free navigation, defence, space missions, and medical research. This book provides readers with a comprehensive and updated overview of the history, applications, and current developments in relation to some of the most advanced technologies in the 21st Century, especially regarding future challenges in natural resource exploration in the changing energy supply environment and a post COVID world. This new edition incorporates the most important new directions bringing fresh ideas into the field, including quantum or quantum-enabled sensing and miniaturization of the operational environment in which gradiometers should function.

Key Features

• Reviews all sensor technologies for gravity gradiometry.

• The first book to include a breakdown of quantum sensing for gravity gradiometry.
• Includes applications in natural resource exploration, defence industry, archaeology, environmental science, GPS free navigation and medical research.
• Reviews current themes and direction of research, as well as industrial landscape and applications.
• Interdisciplinary readership - for technologists developing systems and practitioners using systems in the field.

Contenu

Preface to the Second Edition

Preface to the First Edition

From the Author

About the Author

1 Gravity gradiometry

2 Magnetic gradiometry

3 Electromagnetic gradiometry

4 Selected topics of gravity, magnetic and electromagnetic gradiometry

Appendix