Curcumin is a yellow-orange pigment obtained from the plant Curcuma longa. The powdered rhizome of this plant, called turmeric, is a common ingredient in curry powders and has a long history of use in traditional Asian medicine. Thus, curcumin has been used extensively in Ayurvedic medicine (Indian system of medicine) and Chinese traditional medicine for centuries as a antinociceptive, antiinflammatory, and antishock agent to relieve pain and inflammation. Epidemiological studies have revealed that in India, where dietary curcumin is consumed daily in the form of curry than in the United States, the morbidity rate attributed to Alzheimer disease (AD) for Indian elders (70-79 years old) is 4.4 times lower compared to the same age group of Americans. Furthermore, elderly healthy individuals who consume curry more frequently show better cognitive performance than senior who do not consume curry. Curcumin has been extensively investigated for treating AD over decades in animal model of AD, where curcumin crosses blood brain barrier and neural cell membranes and mediates its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiamyloidogenic , antiangiogenic, antiproliferative, antiapoptotic, metal chelating effects leading to retardation of signal transduction pathways associated with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Thus, curcumin fulfills the characteristics for an ideal neuroprotective agent for AD with its low toxicity, affordability, and easy accessibility. However, poor bioavailability of curcumin is the major hurdle for its more widespread use in animals and humans. The bioavailability of curcumin can be increased by encapsulation of curcumin into liposomes, cyclodextrin, curcumin conjugate with PLGA, complexation with phospholipids, and synthesis of curcumin analogs. This monograph is the first to describe neurochemical potentials of curcumin for the treatment of AD. This monograph presents readers with cutting edge and comprehensive information on the effect of curcumin on visceral organs and brain. It is hoped that this monograph will be useful to postgraduate students, faculty, research scientists, nutritionists, and physicians, who are curious signal transduction processes associated with antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiamyloidogenic , antiangiogenic, antiproliferative, and antiapoptotic effects of curcumin on the brain.

Auteur
Akhlaq A. Farooqui is a leader in the field of signal transduction processes, lipid mediators, phospholipases A2, glutamate neurotoxicity, phytochemicals and human health and neurological disorders. He has published cutting edge research on the role of phospholipases A2 in signal transduction processes, generation and identification of lipid mediators during neurodegeneration by lipidomics and has studied the involvement of glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid and cholesterol-derived lipid mediators in kainic acid neurotoxicity, an experimental model of neurodegenerative diseases.

Texte du rabat
Curcumin is a yelloworange pigment obtained from the plant Curcuma longa. The powdered rhizome of this plant, called turmeric, is a common ingredient in curry powders and has a long history of use in traditional Asian medicine. Thus, curcumin has been used extensively in Ayurvedic medicine (Indian system of medicine) and Chinese traditional medicine for centuries as a antinociceptive, antiinflammatory, and antishock agent to relieve pain and inflammation. Epidemiological studies have revealed that in India, where dietary curcumin is consumed daily in the form of curry than in the United States, the morbidity rate attributed to Alzheimer disease (AD) for Indian elders (7079 years old) is 4.4 times lower compared to the same age group of Americans. Furthermore, elderly healthy individuals who consume curry more frequently show better cognitive performance than senior who do not consume curry. Curcumin has been extensively investigated for treating AD over decades in animal model of AD, where curcumin crosses blood brain barrier and neural cell membranes and mediates its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiamyloidogenic , antiangiogenic, antiproliferative, antiapoptotic, metal chelating effects leading to retardation of signal transduction pathways associated with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Thus, curcumin fulfills the characteristics for an ideal neuroprotective agent for AD with its low toxicity, affordability, and easy accessibility. However, poor bioavailability of curcumin is the major hurdle for its more widespread use in animals and humans. The bioavailability of curcumin can be increased by encapsulation of curcumin into liposomes, cyclodextrin, curcumin conjugate with PLGA, complexation with phospholipids, and synthesis of curcumin analogs. This monograph is the first to describe neurochemical potentials of curcumin for the treatment of AD.
This monograph presents readers with cutting edge and comprehensive information on the effect of curcumin on visceral organs and brain. It is hoped that this monograph will be useful to postgraduate students, faculty, research scientists, nutritionists, and physicians, who are curious signal transduction processes associated with antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiamyloidogenic , antiangiogenic, antiproliferative, and antiapoptotic effects of curcumin on the brain.

Résumé
This is the first book on the market that explores the importance of curcumin for the treatment of neurological disorders. It has been estimated that 35.6 million people globally had dementia in 2010 and the prevalence of dementia has been predicted to double every 20 years. Thus, 115.4 million people may be living with dementia in 2050. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and is present in 60%70% of people with dementia. Unless new discoveries are made in the prevention or treatment of AD, the number of cases in the US alone is estimated to increase threefold, to 13.2 million by the year 2050. Thus, it is important to focus on delaying and treating the onset of AD by curcumin may be an important step for controlling AD. Regular consumption of healthy diet containing curcumin enriched foods, moderate exercise, and regular sleep may produce beneficial effects not only on motor and cognitive functions, but also on memory deficits that occur to some extent during normal aging and to a large extent in AD. Delaying the onset and progression of AD and improving its symptoms by few years with regular consumption of curcumin may relieve some of the burden on health care systems. In service of this goal, this volume gives readers a comprehensive and cutting edge description of the importance of curcumin for the treatment of AD in cell culture and animal models in a manner that is useful not only to students and teachers but also to researchers, dietitians, nutritionists and physicians. It can be used as supplement text for a range of neuroscience and nutrition courses. Clinicians, neuroscientists, neurologists and pharmacologists will find this book useful for understanding molecular aspects of AD treatment by curcumin.

Contenu
Preface.- Effect of long term consumption of high calorie diet and calorie restriction on human health.- Neurochemical effects of long term consumption of high fat diet.- Neurochemical effects of long term consumption of simple carbohydrates.- Effects of long term consumption of animal proteins in the high calorie diet.- Effect of soft drink consumption on human health.- Contribution of salt in inducing biochemical changes in the brain.- Importance and roles of fiber in the diet.- Effects of the high calorie diet on the development of chronic visceral disease.- Effects of long term consumption of high calorie diet on neurological disorders.- Perspective and direction for future research: modification of high calorie diet needed for optimal health of human visceral and brain tissues.- Index.