Advances in Metallodrugs

This book is organized into 12 important chapters that focus on the progress made by metal-based drugs as anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-neurodegenerative agents, as well as highlights the application areas of newly discovered metallodrugs. It can prove beneficial for researchers, investigators and scientists whose work involves inorganic and coordination chemistry, medical science, pharmacy, biotechnology and biomedical engineering.

Auteur

Shahid-ul-Islam is a Principal Project Scientist at the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, where he works on the chemistry of metal-based natural dyes using advanced technologies. He received his PhD in Chemistry from Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India, in 2017. He has to his credit several research journal publications, patents and books with the Wiley-Scrivener imprint. Athar Adil Hashmi studied chemistry at Aligarh Muslim University, India and obtained his PhD in 1994. From 1990 to 2007 he held positions at the department of chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India. Since April 2017 he is working as a visiting Professor at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. His work area includes organometallic chemistry, metal containing polymers and bio-inorganic chemistry. Along with his international publications, book chapters, he has guided 30 postgraduate projects and 13 PhD students. Salman Ahmad Khan received his PhD in Organic Chemistry from the Jamia Millia Islamia (JMI) (A Central University), New Delhi, India, in 2007. Since 2009 he has been with the Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, where he is an Associate Professor. His current research interests include Heterocyclic Chemistry, Chromones, Chalcones, Anthraquinones, Photophysical, Physicochemical, Multi steps reactions, one pot multi component synthesis and Nanotechnology. Dr. Salman is an active researcher and has published more than 100 research articles in various reputed international journals.

Texte du rabat
The book provides a recent update and achievements in the preparation and application of newly designed metal-based drugs. Over the past few decades, medicinal inorganic chemistry as an interdisciplinary sub-area of bioinorganic chemistry, has received a growing attention of researchers in the search for promising antimicrobial, antimalarial, antiviral, and antitumor chemotherapeutic agents. An excellent compilation of reports on metal complexes has revealed the potency of metal complexes as better therapeutic agents. Metal-containing drugs have several promising advantages over organic ligands and have gained the trust of researchers after the worldwide approval of the drug cisplatin. Their distinct mechanism of action makes them perfect candidates as alternatives to the conventional drugs to which resistance has already been shown. In this direction, a huge number of transition metal complexes have been synthesized and evaluated for their biological profiles. This book is organized into 12 important chapters that focus on the progress made by metal-based drugs as anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-neurodegenerative agents, as well as highlighting the application areas of newly discovered metallodrugs. This important and topical book:

• Discusses newly adopted methods involved in the design of effective metallodrugs
• Provides up-to-date developments in the application of metal-complex drugs
• Discusses the role of metallodrugs as promising chemotherapeutic agents Audience The book will be used extensively by researchers, engineers, and postgraduate students working in the fields of medical science, pharmacy, biotechnology and biomedical engineering.

Contenu
Preface xiii

1 Metallodrugs in Medicine: Present, Past, and Future Prospects 1
*Imtiyaz Yousuf and Masrat Bashir*

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 Therapeutic Metallodrugs 6

1.2.1 Anticancer Metallodrugs 6

1.2.1.1 Mechanism of Anticancer Action 7

1.2.2 Antimicrobial and Antiviral Metallodrugs 15

1.2.2.1 Antimicrobial Metallodrugs 15

1.2.2.2 Antiviral Metallodrugs 16

1.2.3 Radiopharmaceuticals and Radiodiagnostic Metallodrugs 17

1.2.4 Anti-Diabetic Metallodrugs 19

1.2.5 Catalytic Metallodrugs 22

1.3 Future Prospects 23

1.4 Conclusion 25

References 26

2 Chemotherapeutic Potential of Ruthenium Metal Complexes Incorporating Schiff Bases 41
*Manzoor Ahmad Malik, Parveez Gull, Ovas Ahmad Dar, Mohmmad Younus Wani, Md Ikbal Ahmed Talukdar and Athar Adil Hashmi*

2.1 Introduction 42

2.2 Schiff Base Complexes of Ruthenium as Anticancer Agents 43

2.3 Conclusion 63

References 64

3 Role of Metallodrugs in Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry 71
*Manish Kumar, Gyanendra Kumar, Arun Kant and Dhanraj T. Masram*

3.1 Introduction 72

3.2 Platinum Anticancer Drugs 74

3.2.1 Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions in Complexes of Platinum 80

3.2.2 Mode of the Interaction of Cisplatin Species With Nitrogen Donors of DNA Strand 80

3.2.3 Systemic Toxicity of Cisplatin 82

3.3 Copper-Based Anticancer Complexes 82

3.3.1 Copper is Essential for Health and Nutrition 82

3.3.2 Healthcare Applications of Copper 83

3.3.3 Copper and Human Health Disorders 83

3.3.3.1 Wilson's Disease (WD) 84

3.3.3.2 Menkes' Disease 85

3.3.4 Role of Copper Complexes as Potential Therapeutic Agents 85

3.3.4.1 Thiosemicarbazones-Based Complexes 86

3.3.4.2 Quinolones-Based Copper Complexes 88

3.3.4.3 Naphthoquinones 88

3.4 Zinc Anticancer Complexes 89

3.4.1 Biologically Importance of Zinc 90

3.4.2 Schiff Base Chemistry 92

3.4.2.1 Schiff Base and Their Metal Complexes 92

3.4.3 Zinc-Based Complexes 93

3.4.4 Top Food Sources of Zinc 94

3.4.5 Role of Zinc in Human Body 97

3.4.6 Zinc as a Health Benefit 98

3.4.7 Zinc in Alloy and Composites 100

3.4.8 Zinc Supplementation as a Treatment 100

3.4.8.1 Zinc Deficiency 101

3.4.8.2 Zinc Toxicity 102

3.4.8.3 Zinc and Viral Infections 102

3.4.9 Gastrointestinal Effects 103

3.5 Future Prospects of Metallodrugs 103

References 104

4 Ferrocene-Based Metallodrugs 115
*Hamza Shoukat, Ataf Ali Altaf and Amin Badshah*

4.1 Introduction 115

4.2 Ferrocene-Based Antimalarial Agents 117

4.2.1 Mechanism of Action 118

4.3 Ferrocene-Based Antibacterial and Antifungal Drugs 118

4.3.1 Schiff Base Derived Ferrocene Conjugates as Antibacterial Agents 119

4.3.2 Ferrocenyl Guanidines as Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents 121

4.3.3 Sedaxicene as Antifungal Agents 122

4.4 Ferrocene-Based Anti-Tumor and Anti-Cancerous Drugs 123

4.4.1 Ferricenium Salts as Anti-Tumor Agents 124

4.4.2 Ferrocenylalkylazoles Active Anti-Tumor Drugs 124

4.4.3 Ferrocene Conjugated to Peptides for Lung Cancer 125

4.4.4 Ferrocenylalkyl Nucleobases Potential Anti-Cancerous Drugs 126

4.4.5 Ferrocenyl Sub-Ordinates of Illudin-M 126

4.4.6 Ferrocenyl Derivatives of Retinoids Potential Anti-Tumor Drug 127

4.4.7 Targeting Breast Cancer With Selective Ferrocene-Based Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERM) 128

4.5 Conclusion 131

4.6 Future of Ferrocene-Based Drugs 131

References 132

5 Recent Advances in Cobalt Derived Complexes as Potential Therapeutic Agents 137
*Manzoor Ahmad Malik, Ovas Ahmad Dar and Athar Adil Hashmi* 5.1...