Advances in Disease Vector Research

Volume 9 in this series consists of four chapters on vectors that affect human or animal health and six chapters on plant pathogens and their vectors. In Chapter 1, Alex S. Raikhel discusses vitellogenesis in mosquitoes: the cornerstone of the reproductive cycle involving massive production of yolk precursors by the fat body and their accumulation in developing oocytes. In anautogeneous mosquitoes, vitellogenesis is dependent on the availability of a blood meal and, as a consequence, is linked to transmission of pathogens. Therefore, elucidation of mechanisms governing the mosquito vitellogenesis is critical for the successful development of novel strategies in vector and disease management. Previous reviews on mosquito vitellogenesis have dealt predominantly with hormonal control. The goal of this review, however, is to summarize significant progress which has been achieved in understanding mosquito vitellogenesis at the cellular, biochemical and molecular levels. It is with these disciplines that we expect to fully understand the mechanisms governing this key process in mosquito reproduction.

Contenu

1 Vitellogenesis in Mosquitoes.- Production of Yolk Protein Precursors in the Fat Body.- Selective Endocytosis of Yolk Protein Precursors in Mosquito Oocytes.- Conclusions and Future Directions.- References.- 2 Radioisotopes in Vector Research.- Application of Suitable Radioisotopes.- Ingestion of Radiotracers with Food.- Pathways of Radioisotope Uptake and Elimination.- The Problem of Egestion by Regurgitation.- Transfer of Egested (Regurgitated) Food to the Next Host.- Transmission of Disease Agents Via Egestion (Regurgitation).- Radioimmunoassay Techniques and Application in Disease Vector Research.- References.- 3 Aegyptianella: An Appraisal of Species, Systematics, Avian Hosts, Distribution, and Developmental Biology in Vertebrates and Vectors and Epidemiology.- Aegyptianella spp. Described to Date.- On the Systematic Position of A. pullorum.- On the Avian Host-Spectrum of Aegyptianella.- Occurrence and Distribution of A. pullorum in Domestic Poultry.- Epidemiology of A. pullorum-Inkction.- Conclusions.- References.- 4 Immunity in Haematophagous Insect Vectors of Parasitic Infection.- Innate Immunity and Infection Acquired Immunity.- Vector/Parasite Systems.- Initial Barriers to Infection.- Haemocoel Mediated Immunity.- Humoral Immunity.- Haemocytes of Vectors.- Acquired Immunity-Homologous and Heterologous Resistance to Reinfection.- Conclusions and Applications.- References.- 5 Role of Circulifer/Neoaliturus in the Transmission of Plant Pathogens.- Circulifer/Neoaliturus Species.- The Beet Curly Top Virus and its Transmission.- The Stubborn Disease Organism and its Transmission with Circulifer Species.- The Beet Leafhopper-Transmitted Virescence Disease.- Safflower Phyllody and the Vector Neoaliturus Fenestratus.- Other Suspected Leafhopper-Transmitted Pathogens in the Middle East.- Concluding Remarks.- Summary.- References.- 6 Thrips-Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Interactions: Morphological, Behavioral and Cellular Components Influencing Thrips Transmission.- Thrips Anatomy, Morphology and Behavior.- Thrips Acquisition and Transmission of TSWV.- Conclusion.- Addendum.- References.- 7 Mealybug Wilt of Pineapple.- Pineapple: Characteristics and Worldwide Significance.- Mealybug Wilt of Pineapple.- Identification of a Pineapple Closterovirus (PCV).- Discussion.- Future Directions.- References.- 8 Ilarvirus Vectors.- Ilarvirus Properties and Subgroups.- Vectors of Subgroup.- Vectors of Subgroup.- Vectors of Subgroups 3 and.- Vectors of Other Ilarviruses.- Concluding Comments.- References.- 9 Immunoelectron Microscopy of Plant Viruses and Mycoplasmas.- Conclusion.- References.- 10 Aphid-borne Rhabdoviruses-Relationships with Their Vectors.- The Viruses.- Aphids as Alternate Hosts for Rhabdoviruses.- Ultrastructure Studies of Infected Aphids.- Transmission Parameters.- Virus Assay.- Vector Range.- Plant Host Range.- Impact on Vectors.- CO2 Sensitivity.- Epidemiology.- Conclusions.- References.